ʻO ka externality maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻano hopena maikaʻi ʻole no ke kaiāulu, i hana ʻia e ka hana hana a i ʻole nā hana hoʻohana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kā lākou kumukūʻai. No ke kaiapuni, kanaka a me ke olaola nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole He mea nui lākou e nānā.
No kēia kumu, e hoʻolaʻa mākou i kēia ʻatikala e haʻi iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā externalities maikaʻi ʻole, ko lākou ʻano a me nā hopena nui no ke kaiapuni.
ʻO
He aha nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole
Hiki iā mākou ke wehewehe i nā mea waho e like me nā hopena lua i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hana a kahi kanaka a ʻoihana ʻaʻole ke kuleana no nā hopena pilikanaka a i ʻole kaiapuni o kēlā hana.
Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻelua ʻano o waho, maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, a mākou e hoʻonui ai ma lalo. No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana: ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maopopo o kahi externality maikaʻi ʻo ia ka haumia i hana ʻia e kekahi ʻoihana i ke kaiapuni ke hana ʻo ia i nā kaʻa. ʻO kēia ʻoihana ke kuleana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea waiwai, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā kūʻai aku, akā hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole o kēia mau hana, ua hoʻohana paha ia i nā mīkini hoʻohaumia nui i ke kaʻina hana, me nā hopena koʻikoʻi no ke kaiapuni.
kūwaho maikaʻi
ʻO nā mea waho maikaʻi nā hopena maikaʻi a pau o nā hana a nā lālā o ke kaiāulu, ʻaʻole i pili i nā kumukūʻai a i ʻole nā pōmaikaʻi o ia mau hana. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi externality maikaʻi 'a'ole i kaupalena 'ia i kekahi 'oihana a 'epekema, e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi a pau, ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi, i hiki i nā hana a kēlā me kēia kanaka a hui paha ke loaʻa i ko mākou kaiaulu.
Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā kumukūʻai hana a kūʻai paha i nā kumukūʻai, akā hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa no ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā halemai a me nā hale hana no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau maʻi he laʻana o kēia. I ka wā mua, manaʻo paha kekahi i kēia hoʻokō i Nui ke kumu kūʻai o R&D inā ʻaʻole ʻike koke ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻike mai iā mākou he mea ʻē aʻe, he mea pono loa kēia ʻano hana no ka maikaʻi a me ke olakino o nā kānaka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole koke a ma hope paha e ʻike ʻia kahi lāʻau e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka maʻi pili. ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e loaʻa ai, i hoʻohui ʻia i kahi hoʻopukapuka waiwai nui, e loaʻa i kahi ʻano maikaʻi loa i waho o ke kaiāulu ma o ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā tausani o nā ola, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia i nā hoʻokolokolo i hana ʻia a ʻike ʻia no kēia manawa lōʻihi.
Pēlā nō, nui nā hana ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i nā mea waho maikaʻi no ke kaiāulu, a he mea nui ia no kāna hana pono.
- Hoʻolilo i ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai lehulehu (nā alanui, nā hale, nā paka, nā kahua pāʻani, nā halemai).
- ka hoʻonaʻauao (mālama ʻia o nā kula, nā kumu kūpono, nā haʻawina kūpono).
- Hookolokolo Lapaau (nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou).
nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole
ʻAʻole like me ka externality maikaʻi, ʻo ka externality maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i kekahi hana e hōʻeha ai i ke kaiāulu, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia e kona kumukūʻai. ʻOiai mākou e pili ana i nā manaʻo mai ka ʻoihana waiwai, kēia mau manaʻo hiki ke extrapolated i kēlā me kēia wahi o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka waho maikaʻi ʻole ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana, e nā hui nui. E noʻonoʻo i ka hihia o kahi ʻoihana mining nui i loea i ka ʻili a me ka hana ʻana i ka lanahu. Ke ana ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hana, ʻaʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pollution e hoʻoulu ai i ke kaiapuni. Manaʻo ʻia kēia he externality maikaʻi ʻole a ʻO ia ka hopena o ka hana hana a ka hui. ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke kumukūʻai kūʻai a i ʻole ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i ka lanahu.
Inā mākou e kū a noʻonoʻo, kokoke i nā hana a pau he mau mea waho maikaʻi ʻole no ke kaiāulu. No ka laʻana, he hopena ʻino ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka no ke olakino o ka mea hoʻohana, akā hoʻokumu i nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka depreciation o ka ʻoihana (inā puhi ke kanaka i loko o ke keʻena, hiki ke ʻeleʻele a pōʻino nā paia i ka uahi), a hiki ke loaʻa i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino o kekahi (ʻo nā maʻi asthmatic e inha ana i ka uahi paka).
Pehea e hoʻomalu ai i nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻonui i nā mea maikaʻi?
He mau hana ko ke aupuni e hoʻomalu a hōʻemi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole, e like me:
- E ʻauhau i nā ʻoihana haumia e paipai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hou a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻomau.
- Hoʻoponopono i kekahi mau hana (no ka laʻana, puhi, kaʻa i nā kūlanakauhale nui).
- Nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ʻike pilikanaka.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau hana e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻonui i nā externalities maikaʻi i hana ʻia e nā hui a me nā kānaka:
- Hāʻawi i nā kikowaena hoʻonaʻauao (nā kula hānai, kula, etc.).
- Hāʻawi i ke kālā no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻepekema a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO nā mea i waho, inā maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha, ʻaʻole wale lākou ma ka ʻoihana waiwai o ke kaiāulu. ʻO nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me ka puhi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka plastic ma ke alahele, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena pōkole/lōʻihi i ke kaiāulu, hiki ke hōʻino a maikaʻi paha, ma muli o ke ʻano.
Nā laʻana o nā externalities maikaʻi ʻole
E noʻonoʻo kākou, ʻo kā kākou mau hana a pau, ʻoiai he mea ʻuʻuku paha ia no kākou, he hopena ia i ke koena o ka poʻe i hoʻokumu i ko kākou kaiaulu.
Puka mai nā mea ʻino i ka wā e hana ai lawe mākou ma ke ʻano he hui, kanaka a ʻohana paha i loko o kahi hana he hopena koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no nā poʻe ʻekolu. ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau hopena i ka huina kālā. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana ʻana a i nā kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe aupuni i ka manawa e ʻai ai.
ʻO nā mea waho maikaʻi ʻole, e like me nā mea waho maikaʻi, He manaʻo waiwai lākou. Akā e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia kēia mau mea ma waho o ka honua hoʻokele waiwai. No laila, ʻaʻole wale nā hana hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻopuka i nā mea i waho, akā ʻo kēlā mau hana i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ʻoihana.
ʻIke ʻia nā mea waho a me nā hopena pololei ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kumukūʻai i uku ʻia no ka hana ʻana, hoʻohana a hoʻohana paha.
Hiki ke kōkua iā mākou nā hiʻohiʻona o nā externalities maikaʻi ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo nei e hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike no ia mau mea waho. Ua ʻike mākou he hiki ʻole ke kumu o nā externalities maikaʻi ʻole. Eia naʻe, ma ke ʻano he laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i kēia.
- ulaula
- ka hoʻopilikiaʻana i ka nohona
- inu waiʻawa
- ʻōpala radioactive etc
- leo nui o ka engine
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo kahi waho maikaʻi ʻole he kaulahao nui o nā hana a me nā hopena me nā kumukūʻai.
Manaʻo wau me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i nā externalities maikaʻi ʻole a me ko lākou mau ʻano.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe