Nā ʻano mea kanu hydroelectric

Ua kaupalena ʻia nā mea kanu hydroelectric e nā kikoʻī a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou wahi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēia ʻano hoʻonohonoho, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ka topography o ka ʻāina e hoʻoholo i ke koho ʻana i nā hana kīwila a me nā mīkini. Aia nā ʻokoʻa nā ʻano mea kanu hydroelectric ma muli o kahi a me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu hydraulic.

Ma kēia ʻatikala e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu hydroelectric a me ko lākou mau ʻano.

Kahi uila Hydroelectric

Ke hoʻomaka mākou i kahi mea kanu hydroelectric, makemake mākou e hana i ka ikehu mai ka wai i mālama ʻia i loko o ka waihona. ʻO ka mea mua e hana ai, ʻo ia ke hoʻoulu i ka ikehu mechanical a hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana hopu ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi pali e hoʻopuka ai i ka ikehu hiki ke mālama ʻia. Hoʻokahe ka wai i lalo e loaʻa ka ikehu ma o nā ʻokoʻa gravity. I ka hele ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka turbine, hana ia i kahi neʻe kaʻa e hoʻoikaika i ka alternator, e hoʻohuli ana i ka ikehu mechanical i uila.

ʻO ke ʻano o kahi mea kanu hydroelectric e hele i nā ʻāpana nāna i haku. E hoʻomaka ana me ka dam, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kuleana o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka waihona. Aia i loko o kēia pahu ke kahe nui hiki ke kānana i ka wai nui me ka hele ʻole i ka turbine.

ʻO kahi mea koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi mea kanu hydroelectric ka mea luku ikehu, kahi e pale ai i ka nui o ka wai mai ka hoʻopōʻino nui ʻana i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia e hele mau i ka hale. Ma waho aʻe o ka wahi hoʻomalu, aia nā turbines a me nā alternator. Hoʻololi nā turbines i ka ikehu mechanical i ka ikehu kinetic. I ka manawa like, hoʻololi kekahi alternator i kēia ikehu kinetic i uila.

ʻO ka hope, ʻo nā paipu nā paipu e kuhikuhi i ka wai i kahi e hele ai. ʻO nā kiwikā nā ala e hoʻomalu ai i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai ma o kēia mau paipu, e pale ana i ka kahe ʻana o ka wai.

Nā ʻano mea kanu hydroelectric

I loko o ke kiko o kēia māhele, aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā mea kanu hydroelectric, e hilinaʻi ʻia i ko lākou mana a me ka nui o ka ikehu uila hiki iā lākou ke mālama. No laila, hiki ke ʻano o nā mea kanu hydroelectric:

• Nā mea kanu hydroelectric mana kiʻekiʻe: He mau mea kanu hydroelectric me ka mana oi aku mamua o 10MW
• Nā mea kanu wai wai liʻiliʻi – He mau mea kanu hydroelectric me ka mana ma waena o 1MW a me 10MW
• ʻO nā mea kanu micro hydroelectric - He mau mea kanu hydroelectric me ka mana o lalo o 1MW

ʻO kekahi mea hoʻololi ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o nā mea kanu hydroelectric ka ʻāina i kū ai lākou. Ua ʻike mākou i kēia mau mea:

• Nā mea kanu hydroelectric kahe mau: ʻAʻohe wahi mālama wai o kēia mau mea kanu hydroelectric, no laila pono lākou i kahi kahe kahawai kiʻekiʻe e hana ai i ka mana. ʻO kona hemahema, ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka ikehu i ka wā maloʻo.
• ʻO ka puna wai wai uila: i kēia hihia, ʻo ka dam he wahi mālama ʻia kahi e piʻi ai ka nui o ka wai ma luna o nā turbines. Me ia mau huina, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomalu i ka nui o ka wai e hele ai ma o lākou a me ka ikehu i hana ʻia.
• ʻO ka hale mana wai wai ma lalo o kahi pā wai: i kēia hihia, lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka muliwai a i ʻole ka loko a kūkulu ʻia kahi pā, e waiho ana i nā turbines ma hope.

Ka hana o nā ʻano mea kanu hydroelectric

E ʻike mākou i ka hana o nā ʻano mea kanu hydroelectric:

• Nā mea kanu hydroelectric kahe mau: He hoʻohana kēia kahi e hoʻohuli ʻia ai kekahi hapa o ka wai o ka muliwai ma kahi komo ʻana a alakaʻi ʻia ma ke ala a i ʻole ka paipu i kahi hale mana kahi i hana ʻia ai nā turbines. Ke loaʻa ka ikehu, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka wai i hoʻohuli ʻia i ke kahawai.
• Waena ma ka wawae o ka dam: Ma waho aʻe o ka wai ua a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, hiki nō hoʻi ke kūkulu i nā waihona i loko o ke kahawai e mālama ai i kāna mau haʻawina. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui kona hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka puka o ka wai a holo i ka turbine inā pono.

Aia kekahi ʻano o ka mana hoʻoheheʻe wai wai. ʻElua ʻano mea kanu i ʻokoʻa i kēia hui:

• ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻohana pono i ka like ʻole i loko o ke kahawai ponoʻī, ke kau ʻana i nā penstocks, e like me ke ala o ke kahawai, e lawe i ka wai i ka mea kanu a laila e hoʻihoʻi i ke ala maʻamau o ke kahawai.
• ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻohana pono i ka like ʻole ma waena o ke kahawai a me ke kahawai kokoke. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu ma kahi kokoke i kahi muliwai a mālama ʻia ka nui o ka wai me nā turbines ma ke kahawai.

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka mana hydroelectric

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, lawe mai kēia i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka heluna kānaka a ʻaʻole wale ma ka pae ikehu. E hōʻuluʻulu i kēia mau mea maikaʻi e kālailai iā lākou i hoʻokahi:

• He ikehu hou ia. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e pau i ka manawa e like me ka hiki i nā wahie fossil. ʻAʻole palena ʻole ka wai, akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo ke hāʻawi mau nei ke ʻano i ka ua iā mākou. Ma kēia ala hiki iā mākou ke hoʻōla a hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kumu o ka ikehu.
• ʻAʻole hoʻohaumia ka lilo ʻana i ke kūlohelohe a me ka mea hou. He ikehu maʻemaʻe.
• E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻaʻole ia e pōmaikaʻi wale iā mākou i ka lako ikehu, akā ua hui pū ʻia me nā hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka pale ʻana i nā kahawai, kaawaiwai, nā lako wai, ka hanauna o nā alanui, ka huakaʻi a i ʻole ka mālama ʻāina.
• Kū'ē i ka mana'o nui, ha'aha'a nā koina hana a me ka mālama. Ke kūkulu ʻia ka pā a me ka ʻōnaehana hopu holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana.
• ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano hoʻohana ikehu ʻē aʻe, ʻO nā hana i hana ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano ikehu he ola lōʻihi.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka turbine e hana i ka ikehu. He mea maʻalahi ka turbine e hoʻohana ai, palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi. ʻO kēia ka mea i lalo o nā kumukūʻai hana a hiki ke hoʻomaka a hoʻokū koke.
• ʻAʻole pono ka makaʻala o ka poʻe paʻahana, no ka mea, he kūlana maʻalahi ia e hoʻokō ai.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ikehu hou a maʻemaʻe me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa ua lilo ia i ikehu hoʻokūkū ma nā mākeke.

Lana koʻu manaʻo me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano mea kanu hydroelectric a me ko lākou mau ʻano.