ʻO ka honua o nā ikehu hou e lilo i mea nui a hakahaka ma nā mākeke kūwaho no ka hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Aia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ikehu hou (e like me kaʻu e ʻike nei āpau) akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo ma loko o nā ikehu hou, ʻike mākou i kekahi "kaulana" hou, e like me ka ikehu lā a me ka ikehu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia e like me ikehu geothermal a me biomass.
I kēia pou e kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka ikehu geothermal. No ka mea he aha ia, pehea e hana ai a me nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole i ka honua o ka ikehu hou.
ʻO
He aha ka ikehu geothermal?
ʻO ka ikehu Geothermal kahi ʻano o ka ikehu hou e hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela e noho nei i ka lepo o ka honua. ʻO ia, hoʻohana i ka wela o nā papa o loko o ka Honua a me ia e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikehu. Hoʻohana maʻamau nā ikehu hou i nā mea kūwaho e like me ka wai, ka ea a me ka lā. Eia nō naʻe, ikehu wela ʻo ka mea wale nō i pakele i kēia kūwaho kūwaho.
Puna: https://www.emaze.com/@ALRIIROR/Presentation- Inoa
ʻIke ʻoe, aia kahi gradient mahana i lalo o ka honua a mākou e hehi ai. ʻO ia, e hoʻonui ka mahana o ka Honua i ko mākou iho ʻana a kokoke i ke kumu o ka Honua. He ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kani kani hohonu loa i hiki i nā kānaka ke piʻi a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 12 km ka hohonu, akā ʻike mākou ke piʻi nei ka gradient thermal ka mahana o ka honua ma waena o 2 ° C a me 4 ° C no kēlā me kēia 100 mau mika a mākou e iho ai. Aia nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka nui o kēia gradient a no ka mea ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka honua i kēlā manawa. No laila, ʻo nā papa o loko o ka Honua (e like me ka ʻahu, ʻoi aku ka wela) kokoke i ka ʻili o ka Honua a hāʻawi i ka nui o ka wela.
ʻĀ, maikaʻi kēlā i ʻōlelo, akā ma hea a pehea e lawe ʻia ai ka ikehu geothermal?
Nā waihona wai Geothermal
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, aia kekahi mau wahi o ka honua kahi i ʻōlelo ai ka gradient thermal i ka hohonu ma mua o ke koena o nā wahi. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ikehu a me ka hanauna ikaika ma o ka wela o ka Honua e ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hana i ka ikehu geothermal ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hiki o ka ikehu lā (60 mW / m² no ka wela honua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 340 mW / m² no ka lā). Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka gradient thermal, i kapa ʻia he mau waihona wai wela, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ikehu (hiki i 200 mW / m²). Hoʻokumu kēia kūlana kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu i kahi kūkulu o ka wela i loko o nā aquifers i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana.
I mea e huki ai ka ikehu mai nā waihona wai geothermal, pono mua e hoʻokō i kahi noi mākeke kūpono mai ka ulu nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻeli ʻana me ka hohonu. ʻO ia, ʻoiai mākou e hohonu hohonu ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia ka hana e huki ai ka wela i ka ʻilikai.
Ma waena o nā ʻano o nā waihona kālaihonua i loaʻa iā mākou ʻekolu: wai wela, maloʻo a me nā geysers
Nā waihona wai wela
ʻElua ʻano o nā waihona wai wela: nā mea o nā kumu a me lalo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ma mua e like me nā ʻauʻau wai wela, e hoʻohuihui iki iā lākou me ka wai anuanu e hiki ke ʻauʻau i loko o lākou, akā aia ka pilikia o nā kahe haʻahaʻa.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā mākou nā aquifers i lalo o ka honua i nā waihona wai o nā wai i ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mahana a me ka hohonu papau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano wai hiki ke huki i kāna wela o loko. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopuni i ka wai wela ma o nā pauma e hoʻohana ai i kona wela.
Pehea e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waihona wai wela? I hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ikehu o ka wai wai wela, pono e hana ʻia me ka nui o nā luawai, i ala e loaʻa ai kēlā me kēia mau luawai ʻelua wai wai wela a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ia e ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai wai ma hope o ka hoʻalili ʻia. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano hana ʻino paiʻole kahi lōʻihi kokoke i ka manawa ʻole ʻoiai ʻo nā mea hiki ke hoʻopau i kēlā wai wai wai i kokoke e nil, ʻoiai ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka wai i loko o ka loko wai. Mālama ka wai i kahi kahe mau a ʻaʻole e loli ka nui o ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻopau i ka wai e kū nei i loko o ka aquifer, akā hoʻohana mākou i kona mana calorific no ka hoʻomehana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea maikaʻi loa ia i ko mākou ʻike ʻana ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano haumia ma muli o ka ʻae ʻana o ke kaapuni wai paʻa ʻole i kahi leakage.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wela a mākou e loaʻa ai ka wai i loko o ka waihona wai, he ʻokoʻa nā hana a ka geothermal i unuhi ʻia.
Ka wai wela ma nā mahana wela
ʻIke mākou i nā wai me nā mahana o a i 400 ° C a hana ʻia ka mahu ma ka ʻili. Ma o ka piko a me ka alternator, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia a hoʻohele ʻia ka uila i nā kūlanakauhale ma o nā pūnaewele.
Ka wai wela ma nā mahana mahana
ʻIke ʻia kēia wai wai wela i loko o nā aquifers me ka mahana haʻahaʻa, a, ma ka nui a hiki i 150 ° C. ʻO ia ke kumu e hana ʻia ai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahu wai i ka uila me ka haʻahaʻa o ka pono a pono e hoʻohana ʻia e kahi wai loli.
Ka wai wela ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa
Loaʻa i kēia mau waihona wai ma kahi o 70 ° C no laila mai kona wela wale nō mai ka gradient geothermal.
Ka wai mehana ma ke ana wela haʻahaʻa loa
ʻIke mākou i nā wai nona nā mahana piʻi loa i 50 ° C. ʻO ka ikehu geothermal i hiki ke loaʻa ma o kēia ʻano wai e kōkua iā mākou e uhi i kekahi mau pono kūloko e like me ka hoʻomehana hale.
Kaha maloo
ʻO nā waihona wai maloʻo nā wahi kahi e maloʻo ai ka pōhaku a wela loa. I kēia ʻano waihona ʻAʻohe wai e halihali i ka ikehu geothermal a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o nā mea permeable. ʻO ia nā loea e hoʻolauna i kēia ʻano o nā kumu i hiki ke hoʻoili i ka wela. Loaʻa i kēia mau waihona kahi hua haʻahaʻa a me kahi kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe.
Pehea mākou e lawe ai i ka ikehu geothermal mai kēia mau māla? I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hana kūpono a loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi hoʻokele waiwai, pono ʻia kahi ʻāpana ma lalo o ka honua i hohonu ʻole (mai ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai e hoʻonui ana i ka hohonu) a me nā mea maloʻo a me nā pōhaku akā i nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻopili ʻia ka honua e hiki i kēia mau mea a hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai i ka ʻeli. Ke kuhi ʻia kēlā wai, hana ʻia kahi puka ʻē aʻe a mākou e lawe aku ai i ka wai wela e hoʻohana ai i kona ikehu.
ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o kēia ʻano waihona i ka ʻenehana a me nā pono e hana i kēia hana i kēia manawa unviable hoʻokele waiwai, no laila ke hana nei ka hana i kona ulu a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana.
Waihona Geyser
ʻO Geysers nā punawai wela e ninini kūlohelohe i nā ʻōpala o ka mahu a me ka wai wela. He kakaikahi loa ma ka honua. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻike, ʻike ʻia nā geysers i nā wahi kahi pono ke kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou mahalo a me ka mālama i mea e hōʻino ʻole ai kā lākou hana.
I mea e huki ai i ka wela mai nā waihona geyser, pono pono e hoʻohana pono ʻia kona wela e nā turbine e loaʻa ai ka ikehu mīkini. ʻO ka pilikia me kēia ʻano huki ʻo ia kēlā ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻana o ka wai i ka mahana haʻahaʻa e hoʻalili i nā magmas a holo i waho. Ua kālailai ʻia hoʻi ka hana ʻana o ka wai anuanu a me ke anuanu o nā mākia i nā ʻōlaʻi liʻiliʻi akā pinepine.
Nā hoʻohana o ka ikehu geothermal
Ua ʻike mākou i nā ʻano o ka waihona wai no ka unuhi ʻana o ka ikehu geothermal, akā ʻaʻole mākou i kālailai i nā hoʻohana i hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou. I kēia lā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ikehu geothermal i nā ʻano he nui o ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomehana a hana i nā kūlana kūpono i nā hale kōmaʻomaʻo a no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka hoʻomehana no nā hale a me nā kikowaena kūʻai.
Hiki nō ke hoʻohana no ka huʻihuʻi ʻana a me nā hana wai wela home. I ka laulā ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ikehu geothermal i spa, hoʻomehana a me ka wai wela, hanauna uila, no ka unuhi ʻana o nā minelala a i ka mahiʻai a me ka aquaculture.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka ikehu geothermal
- ʻO ka mea mua a mākou e hōʻike ai e pili ana i nā pono o ka ikehu geothermal ʻo ia he ʻano ikehu hou no laila manaʻo ʻia ia ka ikehu maʻemaʻe. ʻO kāna hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka i nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua a no laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopōʻino i ka ozone a hāʻawi ʻole i ka hopena i ka hopena o ke aniau.
- ʻAʻohe hana i ka ʻōpala.
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai e hana ai i ka uila uila mai kēia ʻano ikehu he haʻahaʻa loa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou ma mua o nā mea kanu lanahu a i ʻole nā mea kanu nukelea.
- ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu geothermal i hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia i ka honua i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā ʻaila, nā kinoea kūlohelohe, uranium, a me nā lānahu i hui pū ʻia.
Nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka ikehu geothermal
ʻO ka hope, ʻaʻole nani nā mea āpau, pono mākou e kālailai i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu geothermal.
- Kekahi o ka nui drawbacks mea ia ia nō i kēia ʻenehana hoʻomohala. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia lā ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia ke helu ʻia nā ikehu hou.
- Aia kekahi mau pōpilikia i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā hiki ke kulu o hydrogen sulfide a me ka arsenic, nā mea haumia.
- ʻO ka palena palena ʻāina ʻo ia ka pono o nā mea kanu mana wela e hoʻouka wale ʻia ma nā wahi i kiʻekiʻe loa ka wela o ka ʻāina. Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka ikehu i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina kahi i lawe ʻia ai, ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā wahi mamao loa e like me ka nalowale ʻana o ka maikaʻi.
- ʻO nā pono o nā mea kanu mana wela he kumu nui hopena ʻāina.
- ʻO ka ikehu Geothermal ʻaʻole ia he ikehu pau ʻole i loko ona iho no ka mea e emi ana ka wela o ka Honua.
- I kekahi mau wahi kahi i lawe ʻia ai kēia ikehu, kū mai nā ʻōlaʻi liʻiliʻi ma muli o ke kō o ka wai.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ka ikaika geothermal, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia, he nui nā hana a me nā ʻano like ʻole e noʻonoʻo ai no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ikehu.
E ʻike i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ikehu hou:
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe