Nā kumu a me nā hopena o ka hoʻohaumia lepo

La hoʻohaumia lepo a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāina ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole a ʻo nā hopena ma muli o ka hopena o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka flora, ka holoholona a i ʻole ke olakino kanaka ma kahi lōʻihi.

Ma o ka mahiʻai ʻo ia kekahi o nā ala i kaulike ʻole ke kaiaolaola, hoʻohaumia i ka wai inu a i ʻole ka wai wai, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia i kēia pilikia a i kekahi manawa he ʻāpana wale nō o ka poino e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia ma ia wahi. Akā,he aha ke kumu e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻohaumia lepo a pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo?

Nā kumu o ka hoʻohaumia lepo

ʻO nā kumu o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka lepo he ʻano like ʻole nā mea ʻona ma lalo o ka honua i pau i ka hoʻohaumia i ka wai honua a laila e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻouwai, inu a hoʻopau paha i ka lāʻau make iā mākou ma o ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO kahi kaʻina e hiki ai ke hoʻohaumia ʻole iā mākou iho a me nā mea āpau e hoʻopuni iā ​​mākou, a ʻo ka pilikia nui loa e lawe ia i kekahi mau hanauna e hoʻoponopono i nā mea a mākou i hana ai i kēia hoʻāʻo e hana me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole e pili ana i nā mea e hiki mai ana ma hope. ʻo mākou

ʻAʻole pololei ka launa ʻana me ka wahi haumia. ʻO ia ka mea e hana ke kanu ʻia lākou nā mea ʻona i lalo o ka honua a hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau mea i ka wai o ka lepo e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoinu, inu a hoʻopau paha i ka lāʻau make iā mākou ma o ka kaulahao meaʻai, ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa i hoʻohaumia ʻia, nā manu moa a i kekahi holoholona ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mālama hewa ʻana i ka ʻōpala, kāna hoʻolei ʻana a kuhi hewa ʻia paha (E like me ka hui Ercros ma Flix), ka hōʻiliʻili o ʻōpala ma luna o kona ʻili a i ʻole ke kanu ʻana o ka mea like (nui nā landfill ma Sepania), a me nā kahe ʻana i loko o nā pahu wai a i ʻole nā ​​waihona kālā ma muli o nā haki, nā hana maikaʻi ʻole kekahi o kāna kumu nui.

A, ʻaʻole noho wale mākou ma aneʻi mai hoʻonui ʻia ka papa inoa me nā pilikia "liʻiliʻi" e like me nā kahe radioactive, hoʻohana ikaika i nā pesticides, mining, ʻoihana kemika a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano kūkulu like i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia mau lā me ka ʻike ʻole i ka hopena i loaʻa iā lākou.

Nā ʻūhū ʻāina ma Sepania

ʻO ka nānā iki a Sepania e uku ai i ka hana hou ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni ua lilo ia i mea hilahila i ka European Union i kēia lā, akā hoʻoweliweli ia e lilo kahi kumu o nā uku miliona i nā makahiki aʻe. Nui ka makemake o Brussels e hana hou i nā hoʻolālā: i ka makahiki 2020, pono e hoʻohana hou nā lālā o kona mau lālā i 50% o kā lākou mau ʻōpala, a e ʻae ana ke Komisina e hōʻea i 70% i ka 2030. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ke hana hou ʻole ʻo Sepania i kēia lā. 33% o kāu ʻōpala a he mea liʻiliʻi ka holomua. ʻAʻole nō i ka manaʻolana ʻoi loa e hoʻokō kā mākou ʻāina i kāna mau kuleana i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki.

Ua hele mai ke ala ala mua i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoholo pālua ʻana mai ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo o ka European Union (CJEU), ka mea e hoʻohewa nei iā Sepania no ka noho a haʻalele loa ʻana iā 88 mau ʻāina waiho ʻole i kāohi ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka mea mua ma Pepeluali 2016 a ua ʻike ʻia he 27 mau landfill i hana a paʻa ʻole paha ma hope o ka pani ʻana. Ua hōʻea ka lua i kekahi mau lā i hala aku nei a kau i kona manamana lima ma 61 landfill hou, 80% o lākou e puʻunaue ʻia ma waena o nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a me Castilla y León.

Wahi a nā loea ʻokoʻa, nā pōkā ʻāina he pōkā pōkā manawa. Ke pani ʻia, pono lākou e kaohi ʻia i ke kaiapuni no nā makahiki 30, ke nānā nei i nā wai o ka honua a me nā ea i hoʻolili ʻia i ka lewa, no ka mea ʻaʻole i kū ʻia nā hana decomposition e ke sila ʻana i ka lua.

Uhi ʻia nā pā kānāwai he nui e kahi papa ʻekolu-millimeter o polyethylene, me kahi pale pālolo i nā hihia maikaʻi loa, akā pinepine lākou i ka ʻaukā ʻia e ka ʻenekini a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua. «He weliweli ola lehulehu lākou. Hūnā nā hoʻomalu ma hope o ka nui o nā ʻōpelu inert wale nō, akā akahele loa me kēlā mau wāwahi a me nā pono hana, e like me asbestos a i ʻole nā ​​paipu kēpau, i hōʻike ʻia i he carcinogenic lākou»

Hū ka ercros ma Flix

ʻO ka waihona wai Flix, ma ka moku ʻo Catalan o Tarragona, ua ʻike ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kenekulia o ka ninini a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka lepo me ka hoʻomau, bioaccumulative a me nā mea ʻona ʻona e ka hale hana mikiʻala o ka hui Ercros. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka haumia kahawai nui Ebro, mai kēlā kiko a ka waha.

Hoʻopili pū nā mea pollutants metala kaumaha e like me ka mercury a me ka cadmium, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻona a hoʻomau hoʻi o organochlorine e like me hexachlorobenzene, biphenyls polychlorinated (PCBs) a i ʻole DDT a me kā lākou metabolites.

"ʻO Ercros, i manaʻo ʻia he wahi kemikala haumia loa ma ka muliwai Ebro, e hakakā ana no nā makahiki he nui e hōʻalo i ka uku ʻana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka muliwai, kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka wai inu. Aia ka hale hana Ercros ma kahi kokoke i ke kaona ʻo Flix, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kona inoa i ka wai i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka haumia o Ercros SA, ʻo Erkimia ma mua, kahi e hana a kūʻai aku ai. nā huahana kumu no ka ʻoihana kemika a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Papa inoa lōʻihi

Minamina, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka papa inoa, aneane palena ʻole. Hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i nā kumu like like ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mining (nā mea e like me ka mercury, cadmium, keleawe, arsenic, kēpau), ʻoihana kemika, nā kulu radioactive, hoʻohana nui i nā pesticides, haumia mai nā mīkini kuni, nā ʻehu mai ka ʻoihana, nā pono hale, puhi ʻana i nā wahie fossil (lānahu, ʻaila a me ka ʻaila), sewer kahiko i ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i waena o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he nui nā ʻano kumuwaiwai o ka hoʻohaumia lepo, nā kumu i nā manawa he nui paʻakikī lākou e loaʻa, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea haumia ke hiki i nā mea kanu a holoholona paha a haumia paha ka wai i nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole mau he mea nui ʻole ia.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoʻoleʻa nui nā kumu, i nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻike i ke ʻano o lākou, ʻoiai he hana paʻakikī ia. Me he mea lā aia i loko o ko mākou hale he 20 mau liʻu a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i hea lākou a pehea e kinai ai a hoʻoponopono ai paha iā lākou. ʻO ka pilikia ʻaʻole ko mākou hale ma aneʻi, ʻo ia kā mākou planeta ponoʻī ke pili

ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia nui nui nā kumu, ka mea ma nā ʻōlelo laulaha e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻike i ke ʻano o lākou, ʻoiai he hana paʻakikī ia. Me he mea lā aia i loko o ko mākou hale he 20 mau liʻu a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i hea lākou a pehea e kinai ai a hoʻoponopono ai paha iā lākou. ʻO ka pilikia ʻaʻole ko mākou hale ma aneʻi, ʻo ia kā mākou planeta ponoʻī ke pili.

Nā ʻano ʻōpala

Nā huahana weliweli: Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā pena, nā lāʻau a me nā pila. Pono kēia mau huahana i kahi hōʻiliʻili hōʻiliʻili kikoʻī i pau ʻole i nā wahi ʻāina i kāohi ʻole ʻia kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana i nā pōpilikia kaiapuni e ka hoʻohaumia i ka wai a me ka lepo.

ʻO nā stack kekahi o nā nā huahana ʻino weliweli loa no kona mercury a me ka ʻike cadmium. Ke hoʻopau ʻia nā paila a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā landfills a i ʻole incinerated, ʻae ʻia ka mercury e pakele, a hele i ka wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Mercury e ka plankton a me nā limu, mai kēia mau mea i ka iʻa a mai kēia mau mea i ke kanaka. Hiki i kahi pūnaewele pihi ke hoʻohaumia i 600.000 liters. o ka wai. Loaʻa nā lāʻau i nā lāʻau ʻona e hiki ke komo pū i loko o nā landfill a komo i ka wai, hoʻohaumia iā ia.

ʻŌpala

ʻAtikala pili:

ʻO ka ʻōpala palolo i ke kai kahi pilikia kūpilikiʻi koʻikoʻi

Nā hopena o ka hoʻohaumia lepo

La hoʻohaumia lepo hōʻike i kahi hopena o nā hopena a me nā hopena ʻino no ke kāne, a no ka flora a me nā holoholona i ka nui. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka laulā i nā hopena o ka lāʻau ʻona i kēlā me kēia waiwai i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke olakino o ka lepo.

Ka mua hopena Hoʻopili kēia haumia i nā lau nahele, hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā mea kanu a hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia nā ʻanoʻano, nā mea e ola mau ana e hōʻike i nā ʻano nāwaliwali a paʻakikī ka hana kūlohelohe.

Hoʻopilikia ka haumia lepo i ka ulu ʻana o ke ola o ka nā holoholonaMe ka ʻai ʻole a me ka wai maʻemaʻe ʻole, neʻe a ʻeha paha nā ʻano laha i kā lākou kaula hānau. Me kēia hana a laila ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "degradation ʻāina" a no laila a "lilo i ka waiwai ʻāina", Kū nā hana mahiʻai, nalowale ka holoholona a makehewa ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka lilo o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāina e pili ana i nā hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai kāna hoʻohaʻahaʻa kālā, e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, a ʻo ka hiki ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana e kūkulu, mahiʻai a i ʻole, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, e hale i kahi kaiaolaola olakino.

Hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻole i nā hopena, ke kumu a trickle mau o ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia, ʻano kanaka a holoholona paha a me nā mea ulu.

ʻO kahi laʻana kikoʻī ʻo ia ka hale kanu mana nukelea ʻo Chernobyl, a i ʻole ʻo ka mea hou loa leak radioactive mai ka mea kanu Iapana de Fukushima, no ka mea ua hoʻopili ka haumia o ka lepo i ka mahiʻai, nā holoholona a me nā lawaiʻa. Ua loaʻa nō ʻōpala radioactive mai ke kahakai mai Fukushima, kikoʻī ma ka honua kai mai kēlā mau ninini like, e like me nā noiʻi like ʻole e ka Institute of Industrial Science o ke Kulanui o Tokyo, ke Kulanui o Kanazawa a me ka National Research Institute.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pū me kahi hōʻino kūpono o ka ʻāina ma muli o ka ilihune o ke kaiaola, pinepine ka nalowale hiki ʻole ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi, hoʻohuihui ka lepo. Lilo nā milionaire e ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano kūlohelohe e ka lāhui ʻōiwi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopukapuka ʻoihana.

ʻO Chernobyl 30 mau makahiki ma hope

I loko o 30 mau makahiki mai ka ulia pōpilikia Chernobyl, ua hiolo ka komunism, ua hemo ka Soviet Union, a aia nō kekahi mau kipi ʻelua a me kahi kaua pio ʻole a paʻa ʻole ma Ukraine.

E pili ana i ka manawa mōʻaukala, me he mea lā ua huli ka honua ma mua o ka mea pono mai kēlā kakahiaka pōpilikia, kahi o kahi hui o nā ʻenehana i puhi i ka reactor helu ʻehā o ka mea kanu mana. ʻO Vladimir Lenin, ʻoiai ke hana nei lākou i kahi hoʻokolohua i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokūpaʻa i ko lākou palekana.

Akā no ke kaiapuni - ka ea, ka wai, ka lepo a me nā mea āpau e noho ai a noho iā ia - me he mea lā ʻaʻole i neʻe maoli nā lima o ka uaki. ʻO ka Lawe ʻia ka haumia lepo radioactive i mau makahiki he mau makahiki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa. No laila he ʻekolu mau makahiki he mea ʻole ke hiki mai i ka pōʻino pōpilikia maikaʻi loa o ka honua.

Aia ʻo Chernobyl i kēia manawa i nā hua ulu a me nā lau, i ka waiū a me nā huahana waiū, i kaʻiʻo a me nā iʻa, i ka palaoa. A i ka wahie e hana ʻia ai ke ahi a i ka lehu i koe ma hope. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, i ke olakino o nā poʻe āpau. ʻO ka mea kuleana - ʻoiai i kēia lā - e hele i ka mākeke me kahi Pākuʻi Geiger, kēlā mau mīkini liʻiliʻi e hana i kahi walaʻau ke hele aku lākou i ka lekiō, e ʻike inā loaʻa nā huahana āu e lawe ai i kāu pākaukau i ke kaʻina kūpono o ka palekana e hoʻokomo ʻia. 

Pāʻoihana i ka haumia lepo

Kāohi ka hopena maikaʻi loa o nā mea āpau, aʻo i ka muli loa e hāʻawi. Mai ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻōpala i ko lākou wahi a i ke komo ʻana i nā kalai hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kaiāulu.

Akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana mau (a ʻaʻole makemake ʻoe) e hōʻalo i ka hoʻohaumia lepo. I kekahi manawa kū nā pōpilikia, paʻakikī i ka kaohi, ke hiki ʻole.

Inā mākou e hele pololei i ke aʻa o ka pilikia, a loli nui i ka mana hana a i ʻole ka pāpā ʻana i kekahi mau hana ma ke ʻano he hana o kekahi ʻoihana e hana i nā ʻōpala ʻawahia, ka lawe ʻana i ka mining, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu i hana ʻia me ka ʻaila.

Minamina, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe o kēia mau koho ma mua o ka moeʻuhane. No laila, i ke alo o ka fait accompli, ʻimi ʻia nā hāʻina mai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kahi a hiki i ka palena palena maʻalahi o ka wahi i hōʻino ʻia a me ka pāpā o kona hoʻohana ʻana no kekahi mau hana. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, e like me Fukushima a i ʻole Chernobyl, ʻaʻole kūpono nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ke ola kanaka.

A, mai ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka haumia i nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei ma muli o ka hana ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale, hele pololei mai nā hopena mai ka kaohi o kēia mau kumuwaiwai. Maʻa mau, kiai ʻia nā hana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu hou e hoʻemi i ka hoʻohaumia o ka lepo a, i ka manawa like, o ka wai, ʻoiai ka hopena e hoʻohaumia iā ia.

ʻO ka bioremediation lepo kahi papahana e ʻimi nei e hoʻihoʻi i nā kaiaolaola i hoʻohaumia ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ola, e like me ka bacteria, nā mea kanu, nā fungi ... Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka haumia āu e makemake ai e hakakā, e hoʻohana ʻia kekahi a i ʻole kekahi agena meaolaolaola. He ākea kāna noi, me nā hopena hoihoi i nā lepo i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka radioactivity a i ʻole, no ka laʻana, e nā hana mining.

E like me nā hana maikaʻi, kahi hana kūpono hou ʻana i nā ʻōpala a me nā mālama ʻōpala, nā ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā ikehu hou, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala ʻoihana a me nā home a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana i ka mahiʻai kaiaola e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo me ka haumia ʻole Mālama i nā pūnaewele sewage i ke kūlana maikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai wai, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻenehana i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka kūlohelohe.

ʻO nā hāʻina kūpono ʻē aʻe e noʻonoʻo ai ʻo ia:

Loaʻa i kahi pūnaewele halihali lehulehu maikaʻi

Hoʻohana ka poʻe i nā kaʻa ʻaʻole wale no ka maʻalahi, akā no ka paʻakikī o ka hele a puni i nā kaʻa lehulehu i nā kūlanakauhale he nui. Inā hoʻopukapuka nā aupuni i ka halihali lehulehu i ka holomua, e emi ana ka makemake o ka poʻe e hoʻohana

Ke hoʻohana nei i nā kaʻa uila

Ke hele a maʻa mau nā kaʻa uila i nā kūlanakauhale a, no ka mea ka mana wale ia e ka uila, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻOiai ka ʻO kahi kūʻokoʻa i kahi pilikiaI kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pila uila o ke kaʻa uila, a hiki hiki ke ʻike i nā wahi hoʻouku i nā wahi like ʻole o nā kūlanakauhale.

Hōʻalo i ka holo lōʻihi ʻana o kāu kaʻa ke kū

ʻO kahi ana i hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kēia manawa. Hōʻalo i ke kū mālie ʻana me kāu kaʻa e holo nei, ʻoiai i kēlā mau manawa hoʻohana ka kaʻa i kahi nui o ka wahie, me nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia

E mālama i kāu kaʻa i ke kūlana maikaʻi

Mālama kahi kaʻa hana pono ʻole e hoʻohaumia hou. Inā hoʻokō ʻoe i ka mālama kūpono i kāu kaʻa, ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole wale no ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā pilikia hana, akā hoʻēmi pū ʻoe i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā kinoea.

Kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka ululāʻau

I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka haumia o ka lepo, pono e hoʻokō i nā ana o nā ululāʻau i kahi wikiwiki. Kanu mea kanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pohō lepo inā ʻaʻohe lāʻau e pale ai i ka papa luna o ka lepo mai ka lawe ʻia e nā ʻākena ʻokoʻa o ke kūlohelohe, e like me ka wai a me ka ea.

Koho i nā mea hou aku no nā huahana meaola.

ʻAʻohe kānalua he mea kumukūʻai nā huahana meaola ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kemika. Akā ke koho o nā huahana meaola e paipai i iecaianoaaiiuo keu. E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe i ka pale ʻana i ka haumia o ka lepo.

ʻEke ʻeke

E hoʻohana i nā ʻeke lole. Hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻeke palekiko ke lōʻihi ka wā e wāwahi ai. ʻO ka laki no ka mea pono lākou e uku i kā lākou ʻai ʻana ua hāʻule nui loa.

Hoʻonohonoho pololei i nā ʻōpala

Pono mākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpala e like me kāna ʻano.

• ʻŌpala ʻokanika: nā ʻōpala āpau o ke kumu olaola, kahi e ola ana a i ʻole he ʻāpana o kahi mea ola, e laʻa me: nā lau, nā lālā, nā ʻili a me nā koena mai ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai ma ka home, a pēlā aku.
• Koena meaola: kekahi ʻōpala o ke kumu kumu ʻole biola, o ka hana ʻenehana a i ʻole kekahi hana kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me: plastic, synthetic fabrics, etc.
• Nā koena weliweli: nā ʻōpala, nā kumu olaola paha a i ʻole, ʻo ia ka weliweli kūpono a no laila pono e mālama ʻia i kahi ala kūikawā, e laʻa me: nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi, nā ʻōpala radioactive, nā waikawa a me nā kemika corrosive, etc.