Mun san cewa a cikin kuzarin sabuntawa, hasken rana shine wanda ke bada mafi yawa. Game da ƙananan kayan amfani da kai, Spain tana ƙaruwa da kaɗan kaɗan. Yawancin gidaje da yawa sun zaɓi ɗakunan girke-girke na hotunan hoto tunda suna wakiltar kyakkyawan adana a cikin lissafin wutar lantarki kuma za mu iya ɗaukar nauyin muhalli da lokutan ke buƙata. Koyaya, mutane da yawa basu sani ba yadda bangarorin hasken rana suke aiki.
Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku yadda bangarorin hasken rana suke aiki da duk abin da ya shafe su.
Ta yaya hotunan hasken rana ke aiki
Kamar yadda sunan ta ya nuna, makamashin rana yana amfani da kuzari daga rana don samar da makamashin lantarki. Daga cikin fa'idodin da muke da shi na makamashin hasken rana mun gano cewa ba sa gurɓata mahalli, ba shi da iyaka, duk da cewa akwai kuma wasu illoli kamar ci gabansa. Generationirƙirar hoto shine ainihin dukiyar da wasu kayan zasu iya haifar da wutar lantarki lokacin da aka shayar da hasken rana. Wannan na faruwa ne lokacin da kuzari a cikin hasken rana ya saki electrons wanda ke haifar da kwararar kuzarin lantarki. Dole ne mu sani cewa hasken rana shine kwararar photon.
Don sanin yadda bangarorin hasken rana suke aiki dole ne mu san abin da aka ƙunsa da tsarin jerin silsilar photovoltaic. Su ba komai bane face yalwar siliki wanda ke cike da phosphorus da boron. Godiya ga hasken rana wanda yake haifar da caji na lantarki, kamar yi musu serial ne a cikin koyaushe za'a iya daidaita ƙarfin lantarki zuwa tsarin DC mai amfani. Ta hanyar inverter ta yanzu ita ce inda ci gaba da samarda makamashi a cikin hasken rana ke jujjuya zuwa makamashin da za ayi amfani dashi don gida.
Thearfin ta hanyar haɗuwa da inverter shine inda ake samar da makamashi mai canzawa. Ka tuna cewa kai makamashi ne wanda yake cinyewa a rana zuwa rana. Thearfin da ƙwayoyin rana ke bayarwa koyaushe na yau da kullun ne kuma a jere. Koyaya, adadin wutan lantarki da aka kawo zai dogara ne akan ƙarfin hasken rana wanda ya faɗi akan fitilar rana. Saboda haka, aikin kwamiti mai amfani da hasken rana ya dogara ne da irin ƙarfin da hasken yake samu. Yankunan jihohi daban-daban gwargwadon lokacin rana, lokacin shekara da kuma yanayin yanzu.
Ofarfin hasken rana
Don fahimtar yadda bangarorin hasken rana suke aiki, dole ne mu san da kyau yadda ake lissafin ƙarfin abin da ke amfani da hasken rana. Kuma shine lokacin da ake auna iko, dole ne a kuma kirga ayyukan bangarorin. Mizanin da aka yi amfani da shi a ciki ana yin kayan aikin rana a cikin watts peak (Wp). Ma'auni ne wanda ake amfani dashi azaman tunani kuma shine wanda ke aiki don auna aikin bangarorin don samun damar kafa, daga baya, kwatancen tsakanin su.
Dole ne a fahimci cewa adadin hasken rana da ke sauka a jikin hasken rana ya bambanta gwargwadon lokaci da lokacin shekara. Dole ne a lasafta halin da aka samar ta hanyar manyan ƙididdiga kuma wannan yana da wuyar lissafi. Ba koyaushe muke samar da adadin makamashi iri daya ba, don haka zamu iya yin ƙididdiga daidai ko ƙasa da haka. Don magance wannan matsalar, ana amfani da watts peak. Suna wakiltar aikin da aka samar ta bangarorin da aka basu hasken rana da kuma daidaitaccen zafin jiki. Wannan yana sanya shi mahimmanci yayin nazarin girke-girke na photovoltaic don nazarin watts peak watt Dole ne a girka su don samun iyakar damar amfani da kai. Lokacin shigar da fitila mai amfani da hasken rana, dole ne a yi la’akari da dukkan abubuwan, kamar su yanki, daidaitawar rufin da kusurwarta. Ta wannan hanyar, dole ne a shigar da duk waɗannan bayanan don nazarin amfani da tsammanin da kuma kimanta girman girkin da yafi dacewa da bukatun kowane ɗayan.
Ta yaya bangarorin hasken rana suke aiki: aikin haraji
Kodayake bangarori masu amfani da hasken rana sun canza sosai tun farkon kera su, a yau ana kera su da kayan aiki na zamani wadanda suke taimaka masu sosai. Godiya ga wannan, zamu iya ninka ayyukanku yadda ya kamata makamashin hasken rana an sanya shi a matsayin madadin makamashi, mai sabuntawa kuma mai fa'ida gaba ɗaya a cikin gajeren lokaci da kuma dogon lokaciko. Tsarin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin rana har yanzu tasirin da Einstein ya bayyana a cikin 1905.
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don kwatanta bangarorin tushen siliki kuma ana iya raba su zuwa rukuni da yawa: amorphous, polycrystalline da monocrystalline. Zamu bincika menene halaye na kowane nau'ikan bangarorin hasken rana:
- Bangaren Amorphous: ba su da ƙasa da amfani sosai saboda ba su da ingantaccen tsari kuma sun rasa isasshen ƙwarewa a farkon watanni na aiki.
- Panelsungiyoyin polycrystalline: An haɗasu da lu'ulu'u ne na kwaskwarima daban-daban kuma ana bambanta su da samun launin shuɗi. Tsarin masana'antu yana da fa'idar kasancewa mai rahusa amma tare da rashin amfanin kasancewa mai ƙarancin samfur.
- Panungiyoyin Monocrystalline: ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin samfuran mafi inganci. Anan sel suka samar da kwamitin kuma an hada su da lu'ulu'u mai haske iri daya wanda aka karfafa shi a yanayin zafin yanayi mai kama da juna. Godiya ga wannan ginin, suna da aiki mafi kyau da inganci kuma suna ba wa electrons damar motsi da yardar kaina. Kodayake tsarin ƙera masana'antu ya fi tsada, yana ba da matakan ƙwarewar aiki.
Fa'idodi na faranti na monocrystalline
Su ne waɗanda aka fi ba da shawara tun da na tsohuwar sun kusan tsufa. Iyakar fa'idar da polycrystallines ke gabatarwa ita ce ɗan ragi kaɗan. Monocrystallines suna da fa'ida wajen samun ƙwarewa mafi girma da aiki mafi kyau a cikin yanayi tare da ƙarancin ɗaukar haske zuwa hasken rana. Wannan yana nufin cewa tasirin ba a rasa ba koda kuwa yanayin muhalli bai zama mai kyau ba.
Yana fatan cewa da wannan bayanin za su iya koyo game da yadda hasken rana ke aiki da duk abin da yake aiwatarwa.