Yadda makamashin Geothermal ke aiki

yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki

Saboda tsananin takara da ingantaccen makamashi mai sabuntawa, ya zama babu komai a kasuwar duniya. Akwai nau'ikan makamashi masu sabuntawa da yawa (ina tsammanin dukkanmu mun san hakan), amma a zahiri, a cikin sabuntawar, mun sami ƙarin "sanannun" tushen makamashi, kamar hasken rana da iska, da sauran mahimman hanyoyin samar da makamashi kamar su geothermal . Mutane da yawa har yanzu ba su sani ba yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki.

Sabili da haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da yadda makamashin ƙasa ke aiki da mahimmancinsa.

Oarfin makamashi

yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki halaye

Kafin sanin yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki, dole ne mu san menene. Otherarfin ƙasa shine tushen samarda makamashi mai sabuntawa dangane da amfani da zafin da ke cikin ƙasa da ƙasa. A takaice dai, yana amfani da zafi daga sassan duniya kuma yana samarda kuzari dashi. Sabunta makamashi yakanyi amfani da abubuwan waje kamar ruwa, iska, da hasken rana. Koyaya, makamashin geothermal shine kawai tushen makamashi wanda yake kyauta daga wannan ƙa'idar ta waje.

Akwai digirin zafin jiki mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa inda muka taka. Watau, zafin duniya zai matso kusa da tsakiyar duniya yayin da muke sauka. Gaskiya ne cewa zurfin zurfin sauti da mutane zasu iya kaiwa bai wuce kilomita 12 ba, amma mun san hakan masu zafin jiki za su ƙara yawan zafin ƙasa da 2 ° C zuwa 4 ° C kowane mita 100. Gangaren yankuna daban-daban na duniya sun fi girma, saboda ɓawon burodi a wannan lokacin. Sabili da haka, layin da ke ciki (kamar mafi tsananin ɗaci) ya fi kusa da saman duniya kuma yana ba da ƙarin zafi.

Yadda makamashin Geothermal ke aiki: Hakarwa

hanyoyin samar da makamashi na geothermal

Zamu lissafa wadanda sune tushen hakar domin kara fahimtar yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki.

Madatsun ruwa na geothermal

Masu zurfin zafin jiki a wasu yankuna na duniya sunfi bayyana fiye da wasu. Wannan yana haifar da ƙwarewar makamashi da haɓaka ƙarfi ta cikin zafin duniya na ƙasa. Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin samar da makamashi yana ƙasa da na makamashin hasken rana (60 mW / m energy na makamashin ƙasa da 340 mW / m² don hasken rana). Koyaya, inda ɗan tanda da aka ambata ya fi girma (wanda ake kira tafkin ƙasa), ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki ya fi girma (har zuwa 200 mW / m²). Wannan babban ƙarfin samar da makamashi yana haifar da tarin zafi a cikin akwatin ruwa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin masana'antu.

Don cire kuzari daga madatsun ruwa na ƙasa, dole ne a fara gudanar da binciken kasuwa mai yuwuwa, saboda farashin hakowa yana ƙaruwa sosai da zurfin. Wato, yayin da muke zurfafa zurfafawa, ƙoƙari na jawo zafi zuwa saman yana ƙaruwa. Daga cikin nau'ikan adana ilmin kimiyar kasa, mun gano nau'ikan guda uku: ruwan zafi, busassun ma'adanai da gishiri.

Ruwan zafi mai zafi

Akwai tafkunan ruwa mai zafi iri biyu: tushen ruwa da ruwan karkashin kasa. Za'a iya amfani da na farko azaman wanka mai zafi ta hanyar hadasu kadan da ruwan sanyi domin iya wanka a ciki, amma na farkon yana da matsalar rashin kwararar sa. A wannan bangaren, muna da rafuffukan karkashin kasa, waxanda suke matattarar ruwa masu tsananin zafi da kuma zurfin zurfin ciki. Ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in ruwan don cire zafinku na ciki. Zamu iya zagaya ruwan zafi ta hanyar fanfo don cin gajiyar zafinta.

Ajiye ajiya yanki ne inda dutsen ya bushe kuma yake da zafi sosai. A wannan nau'in tafkin babu wani ruwa mai ɗauke da makamashin ƙasa ko kowane irin abu mai haɗari. Masana ne suka gabatar da wadannan nau'ikan abubuwan don tura zafi. Wadannan filayen suna da ƙarancin samarwa da tsadar kayan masarufi. Rashin dacewar wannan nau'in filin shine cewa fasaha da kayan aiki don wannan aikin har yanzu ba za a iya rayar da su ba ta fuskar tattalin arziki, don haka dole ne a haɓaka da inganta shi.

Adadin geyser

Geyser shine maɓuɓɓugar marmaro mai ɗumi wanda ke fitar da wani ɗigon tururi da ruwan zafi. Kadan ne a wannan duniyar tamu. Saboda ƙwarin gwiwa na geysers, dole ne a yi amfani da giya a cikin yanayi mai ƙima da taka tsantsan don kar a rage ayyukansu na aiki. Don cire zafi daga gishirin gishiri, dole ne a yi amfani da zafin kai tsaye ta injin turbin don samun ƙarfin inji.

Matsalar wannan hakar ita ce sake shigar da ruwa a yanayin ƙarancin yanayi zai sanyaya magma da kuma rage shi. Hakanan an bincika cewa allurar ruwan sanyi da sanyaya magma suna haifar da ƙananan girgizar ƙasa.

Yadda makamashin Geothermal ke aiki: Shuka mai samar da wutar lantarki

masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki

Don sanin yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki dole ne mu je cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. Su ne wuraren da ake samar da irin wannan makamashin. Aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki yana dogara ne da wani hadadden aiki wanda yake aiki a ciki tsarin shuka-gona. Wato, ana fitar da makamashi daga cikin cikin Duniyar kuma ana kaiwa ga shuka inda ake samar da wutar lantarki.

Tsarin tudu na geothermal wanda kuke aiki a ciki ya fi na duniyar yau da kullun. Wato, yawan zafin jiki a zurfin yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yankin da ke da ɗan tudun geothermal gabaɗaya saboda kasancewar akwatin ruwa da ke iyakance da ruwan zafi, kuma ana kiyaye akwatin aquifer kuma an taƙaita shi ta hanyar shimfiɗa mara izini wanda ke iyakance duk zafi da matsin lamba. Wannan shi ake kira matattarar ruwa, a inda ake hako zafi don samar da wutar lantarki.

Rijiyoyin hakar geothermal da ke haɗe da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi suna cikin waɗannan yankuna. Ana fitar da tururin ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar bututu kuma ana turashi zuwa masana'anta inda makamashin zafin ruwan da ke tururin ya koma makamashin inji sannan kuma ya zama makamashin lantarki. Da zaran mun sami wutar lantarki, kawai zamu dauke shi zuwa wurin amfani.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da yadda makamashin geothermal ke aiki.


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