A wannan duniyar tamu akwai yanayi daban-daban tare da halaye na musamman waɗanda suka sa ciyayi da namun daji da ke tasowa a cikin su daban. Daya daga cikin halittun da za mu yi nazari shine tundra. The tundra fauna An haɓaka shi a cikin yanayi mai ɗan rikitarwa. Koyaya, nau'ikan suna da ikon daidaitawa da yanayin don tsira da haɓaka.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da halayen dabbobin tundra, yadda suke rayuwa da kuma yadda rayuwarsu take.
yanayin yanayin tundra
Za mu iya ayyana tundra a matsayin biomes da ba su da ciyayi saboda yanayinsu, tun da yake yankuna ne da suka fito daga yankunan duniya. Wannan wuri ne da ciyayi kusan babu shi tun ya zarce yankin da bishiyoyi suke girma.
Duk da haka, saboda sanyi da damshin yanayi, ƙasa ta cika da ƙura da ƙura, har ma itatuwan willow na arctic suna girma a wasu wurare. Wannan shi ne godiya ga lokacin bazara, wanda ko da yake gajere (ba su wuce watanni biyu ba), sun fi lokacin sanyi sosai, kodayake ba su wuce digiri 10 ba.
Ya zama cewa ba ya samun ruwan sama mai yawa a nan, don haka ƙananan ciyayi da ke tsiro na iya tallafawa rayuwa kuma ta haka ya zama abinci ga tundra fauna. Yawanci filaye ne masu lebur tare da ƙusoshin ƙanƙara a ƙasa, waɗanda ke iya zama tsakanin 30 cm zuwa 1 m kauri. Don haka, Ruwan da ke cikin waɗannan wuraren ba zai iya zubewa ba, sai ya yi tagumi, yana kafa lagos da fadama Suna samar da danshi da ake bukata don tsira da tsire-tsire.
Ci gaba da narkewa yana haifar da tsagewar geometric a cikin ƙasa, kuma inda ƙanƙara ba ta ɓace ba, ana iya ganin nodules da tuddai a saman. Hakanan yana da sauƙi a sami shimfidar duwatsu masu lulluɓe da lichen, waɗanda ke ba da damar dabbobi iri-iri su sami nasu ƴan wuraren zama.
tundra namun daji
Saboda yanayin yanayi mai ban mamaki na tundra, dabbobin dole ne su kasance cikin shiri don jure zafi, don haka yana yiwuwa a sami nau'in da ba mu gani a wani wuri dabam. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- barewa: Kullum idan rani ya zo tundra su kan je domin ba za su iya jure zafi a wani wuri ba. Tundra yana ba su yanayin yanayi har zuwa digiri 10.
- Musk ox. Baya ga sunansa "Musk" yana da kamshin kamshi da ke sanya shi sha'awar mata. An rufe su da lush, cakulan-kasa gashi wanda zai iya jure yanayin zafi kadan kuma zai iya girma har zuwa 60 cm tsayi.
- Kurege Arctic. Wannan farar zomo mai tabo a dogayen kunnuwansa ya yi kama da zomo, amma a'a, yana daya daga cikin manyan kuraye a duniya. Yana da fata mai kauri wanda aka lulluɓe da gashi mai kauri da laushi wanda ke kare ta daga ƙarancin zafi.
- dusar ƙanƙara: Wani nau'in akuya ne na yau da kullun wanda ana iya samun shi a cikin dabbobin tundra, tunda gashinsa da ƙarfin jikinsa sun sa ya dace da rayuwa a yanayin yanayin waɗannan halittu.
- Lemmings: ƙananan beraye ne masu fure waɗanda, don sha'awar, za mu gaya muku, an san su da halin kashe kansa, suna yin shi tare ta hanyar jefa kansu a cikin teku.
Baya ga waɗannan dabbobi, wasu nau'ikan yau da kullun kamar su polar bears, Wolves, Eagles, Eagles za a samu a cikin Tundra Fauna; a cikin ruwa, kifi kamar kifi. Baya ga fauna na tundra, akwai babban ciyayi, wanda ya ƙunshi ciyayi da ƙananan ciyayi, saboda yanayin zafi da ƙanƙara ke haifarwa.
Nau'in tundra
tundra arctic
Za mu iya sanya shi a cikin arewacin hemisphere a ƙarƙashin hular ƙanƙara na Arctic, yana shimfiɗa daga ƙasa mara kyau zuwa gefen taiga-ma'anar taiga. A kan taswira, zai zama rabin Kanada da babban yanki na Alaska.
A mafi yawan lokuta, zamu iya samun Layer na ƙasa mai daskarewa, wanda aka fi sani da permafrost, wanda aka yi shi ne mafi yawa daga mafi kyawun kayan aiki. Lokacin da ruwa ya cika saman saman, peat bogs da tafkuna suna samar da ruwa, don samar da ruwa ga tsirrai.
Tsire-tsire na Arctic tundra ba su da tsarin tushen zurfi, amma har yanzu akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda za su iya jure yanayin sanyi: ƙananan shrubs, mosses, sedges, earthworms, da ciyawa... da dai sauransu
An daidaita dabbobin don jure wa dogon lokacin sanyi da sanyi da kuma haifuwa da girma cikin sauri a lokacin rani. Dabbobi kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye suma suna da karin kitse. Dabbobi da yawa suna yin barci a lokacin sanyi saboda rashin abinci. Wani zaɓi shine yin ƙaura zuwa kudu don lokacin sanyi, kamar yadda tsuntsaye suke yi.
Saboda tsananin sanyi. dabbobi masu rarrafe da masu amphibians kaɗan ne ko babu su. Yawan jama'a na cikin hargitsi akai-akai saboda yawan shige da fice da shige da fice.
Tsarin tundra
Yana cikin wani yanki mai tsaunuka a ko'ina a duniya, a wani tsayi mai tsayi sama da matakin teku, kuma babu bishiyar da ke tsirowa kwata-kwata. Lokacin girma shine kimanin kwanaki 180. Yawan zafin dare yana ƙasa da daskarewa. Ba kamar tundra na arctic ba, ƙasan da ke tsaunin Alps yana da kyau.
Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna kama da waɗanda aka samu a cikin Arctic da sun haɗa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire irin su ciyawa, ciyayi masu ƙananan ganye da ciyayi, bishiyar dwarf.. Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin tudun tundra suma sun dace da kyau: dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar marmots, awaki, tumaki, tsuntsaye masu tauri, da kwari kamar beetles, grasshoppers, butterflies, da sauransu.
antarctic tundra
Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin yanayin yanayin tundra. Za mu iya ganin ta a Kudancin Jojiya da Kudancin Sandwich Islands, waɗanda ke cikin yankin Birtaniyya, da kuma a wasu tsibiran Kergallen.
Clima
Saboda tsayinsa da kusancinsa da sanduna. Yanayin tundra zai kasance ƙasa da daskarewa don yawancin shekara, kimanin watanni 6 zuwa 10. Mu tuna abubuwan da ba su da rai, kamar kasa ko kasa, tsaunuka, ruwa, yanayi, da sauransu. Ana kiran shi biome kuma yana da ban sha'awa don yin karatu.
Gabaɗaya, lokacin sanyi na Tundra yana da tsayi, duhu, tsananin sanyi da bushewa, ya kai ƙasa da digiri Celsius 70 a wasu wurare. Ko da yake saman yana da dusar ƙanƙara a mafi yawan shekara, wasu haske yana faruwa kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin bazara lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi.
A cikin matsanancin yankuna, Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine -12 zuwa -6 digiri centigrade. A cikin hunturu suna iya kaiwa 34 digiri centimeters, yayin da lokacin rani sukan kai -3ºC. Idan muka yi magana game da tsaunuka ko tsaunuka, a lokacin rani suna iya kaiwa digiri 10 a ma'aunin celcius, amma da dare zai zama 'yan digiri kasa da sifili don kare kansu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da fauna na tundra da halayenta.