Shuke-shuke cikin hatsarin halaka

Shuke-shuke rayayyun halittu ne wadanda ke bunkasa a muhallin halittu kuma ayyukan mutane suna shafar su. Duk wani mai rai wanda yake a duniyar yau ayyukanmu suna shafar mu. Kuma shine cewa mun mallaki duniyar ta yadda zamu mallake ta saboda rahamar mu. Mafi munin duka shine muna gurbata iska, da ruwa, da kasa da kuma kaskantar da su albarkatu na halitta. Tsire-tsire sune tsarin da yafi shafa sare dazuzzuka da illolinta a duniya. Koyaya, muna buƙatar shuke-shuke don rayuwa kuma muna da yanayin da muke rayuwa tare da shi a yau.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna muku abin da tsire-tsire masu haɗari saboda mutum da ayyukansa na kaskanci.

Ayyuka na shuka

Kafin wani yayi tunanin cewa wauta ce ga wasu nau'in tsirrai su gushe, bari mu ga fa'ida da aikin da suke aiwatarwa a cikin halittu daban-daban. Kamar kowane mai rai a duniya, suna da aikinsu kuma suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwa. Ba tare da su ba, wataƙila ba za mu iya rayuwa ba, kawai saboda sune wadanda suke bada iskar oxygen da muke shaka zuwa sararin samaniya ta hanyar aiwatar da hotuna.

Daga cikin ayyukan da suke da su mun sami na kasancewa a cikakke tace don gurbatawa. Suna aiki ne don sarrafawa da matsakaita yawan zafin duniya, samar da iskar oxygen, sarrafa hawan biogeochemical kuma suna daga cikin jerin kayan abinci. Tsire-tsire ana ɗaukarsu ingantacciyar hanyar nazarin halittu da abinci. Godiya garesu zamu iya ciyar da kanmu, amfani da magunguna, kawata shimfidar ƙasa, ƙirƙirar allon amo, wurare masu kore a birane, wuraren shakatawa da lambuna, da dai sauransu.

Koyaya, muna sanya dubban tsire-tsire cikin hatsarin halaka saboda gurɓacewa, tasirin muhalli da lalacewar albarkatun ƙasa. Muna tsara biranen ƙasar gabaɗaya.

Dalilin da yasa tsire-tsire ke cikin haɗarin halaka

Zamu lissafa manyan dalilan da yasa shuke-shuke suke cikin hatsarin bacewa sannan muyi nazarinsu daya bayan daya. Za mu raba su zuwa manyan rassa biyu: musabbabin mutane da kuma dalilai na dabi'a.

Sanadin mutane

Waɗannan sune mahimman dalilai da yasa shuke-shuke ke cikin haɗarin halaka. Daga cikin waɗannan sabuban zamu iya haskaka lalata wuraren zama da rarrabuwarsu a matsayin babba. Idan kun lalata yanki da yanayin halittar da wani nau'in ke rayuwa a ciki, zaka rage musu damar rayuwa da haihuwa. Tare da shudewar lokaci, yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da samfura suna raguwa harma da cudanya tsakanin sauran jinsunan. Duk wannan yana haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali da haifar da rikicewar daidaitaccen yanayin muhalli wanda ke haifar da mummunan bala'i a cikin adadin halittu masu rai.

Kuma shine cewa kowane mai rai yana cika aiki ga wani mai rai ko kuma yanayin halittar. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ɗayan abubuwan suka shafa, ana ƙirƙirar tasirin sarkar ko tasirin domino akan nau'in da ya dogara da su waɗanda abin ya shafa. Misali, shuke-shuken da suka girma a cikin ginshiƙan suna taɓarɓarewar bishiyar bishiyoyi ba tare da bambancewa ba wanda ke sa wannan lokacin yanayin halittar ya haɓaka.

Sauran dalilan da yasa tsire-tsire ke cikin haɗari sun haɗa da sare dazuzzuka, kirkirar birane, kasar noma, ganganci da gobara, da dai sauransu. Cinikin nau'ikan halittu ba bisa ka'ida ba shima yana haifar da hatsarin rayuwar jinsin. Wannan lamarin yana haifar da gabatar da nau'ikan nau'ikan cutarwa a cikin wuraren da basu dace da su ba. Wannan ya sa tsire-tsire na asali suka ƙaura kuma tsarin halittunsu ba shi da mazauni tunda akwai wasu ƙwararrun ƙirar da ke iya dacewa da kyau da satar albarkatu.

Sanadin halitta

Karewar nau'ikan halittu matakai ne na halitta gabaɗaya, amma suna faruwa ne a kan wani mizanin lokaci. Kafin jinsin ya gushe a dabi'ance, dole dubunnan shekaru su shude. A wannan lokacin, jinsunan da ake magana akansu suna fuskantar sabbin al'amuran da sauye-sauyen muhalli da dama ke haifar da wasu yanayi na rayuwa. Idan jinsunan ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin waɗannan yanayin ba, a hankali zasu mutu.

Wannan na iya zama, misali, bayyanar kwari ko cuta wacce ke da saurin faɗaɗawa a cikin yankin. Ta wannan hanyar, akwai mutuwar mutane da yawa na samfuran, don haka rage yawan mutane zuwa ƙarewa.

Wata babbar barazanar ta duniya ita ce gobarar daji. Muna magana ne akan wadanda basu da wata alaka da mutane. Har ila yau, gobara na kaskantar da gurbin da shuke-shuke ke girma. Wasu abubuwa na dabi'a kamar ambaliyar ruwa, girgizar ƙasa, guguwar iska, da sauransu. Zasu iya haifar da bacewar wasu nau'in tsirrai, amma ba wani abu bane mai mahimmanci.

Misalan dalilai da tsire-tsire masu hatsarin halaka

Misali na ƙarewa saboda kasuwancin tsire-tsire ana iya gani a cikin hamadar Chihuahuan a Meziko. Suna zaune kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan itaciya dubu daya da dari biyar amma yana fuskantar barazana ta hanyar kasuwancin sa a matsayin jinsin kayan kwalliya a wasu ƙasashe.

Gabatarwar wasu nau'ikan dabbobin ga sauran halittu yana haifar da bacewar tsirrai. Misali, a Hawaii an lura cewa gabatarwar wasu shuke-shuke Yana haifar da cewa kusan 10% na nau'in shuke-shuke da ke cikin haɗari.

A Spain, akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin ƙarewa. Ayyukanmu da wasu masifu na ƙasa suna shafar tsaunuka, duwatsu da bakin teku ƙwarai da gaske waɗanda ke haifar da ragin yawan mutane daga jinsin.

Wasu nau'in shuke-shuke da ke cikin hatsarin bacewa a Spain sune:

• Gidan a cikin Sierra Nevada. An hana fitar ta kwata-kwata. Tsirrai ne wanda ya kai tsayinsa yakai kimanin mita dubu biyu kuma anyi ƙididdigar cewa kusan samfuran 2.000 ne suka rage.
• Silene na Dutsen Ifach. Jinsi ne wanda bashi da yawan jama'a kuma ana samunsa kawai a cikin Alicante da Ibiza.
• Abarba ta teku. Wani nau'in daga Canaries tare da mazauni wanda birni ya shafa.
• Guda hudu ganye. Ya mutu a Spain, kodayake ya wanzu a wasu yankuna na Turai. Bacewar ta ya samo asali ne sanadiyar sinadarai a cikin aikin gona da kuma yadda ruwa ke kara kuzari.

Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya samun karin bayani game da tsirrai wadanda suke cikin hatsarin bacewa da kuma dalilan da ke haifar da shi.