Tun daga watan Disambar da ya gabata, ƙaramin garin da ke da kusan mazauna 3400 da ke Normandy (Tourouvre-au-Perche) ya ji daɗin hanyar rana mai tsawon kilomita ɗaya, mafi girman halayenta a duniya. Ginin, wanda Ministan Muhalli, Ségolène Royal ya buɗa, da nufin ya zama abin misali a cikin sauyin makamashi.
Tunanin tura bangarori masu amfani da hasken rana akan hanyoyi domin samar da wutar lantarki ba sabon abu bane. Initiativeaddamarwa ta farko na wannan nau'in ya bayyana sama da shekaru goma da suka gabata a Amurka kuma, tun daga wannan lokacin, an haɓaka irin waɗannan ayyukan a birane kamar Amsterdam ko Berlin. Amma har zuwa yau sun kasance hanyoyin hasken rana na fewan mitoci. A cewar kafofin yada labaran Faransa da yawa, aikin Wattway ya kawo sabon yanayi.
Karkashin jagorancin kamfanin gine-gine na jama'a COLAS (kungiyar Bouygues) da National Energy Energy Institute (INES), tare da sa hannun Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA) da Univserdiad de Savoie, Wattway ya samu bayan shekaru biyar na bincike da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin Vendée, a cikin Bouches-du-Rhône da Yvelines, kodayake ainihin gadon gwajin zai zama hanyar kanta.
Hanyar hasken rana tana da kimanin mitoci 2800 m2 na bangarorin hasken rana masu daukar hoto a cikin tayal da aka lika a kan kwalta kuma aka kiyaye ta ta hanyar resin mai kariya wanda, a cewar abokan Wattway, “yana basu damar iya jure kwararar dukkan nau'ikan motoci, gami da ababen hawa. manyan motoci ”, yayin tabbatar da kyakkyawar riko tsakanin tayoyin da hanyar. Waɗannan kayayyaki ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar SNA ce ta kerarre su, waɗanda ke cikin Tourouvre-au-Perche; ma'ana, a cikin garin da ke da sabuwar hanyar.
Za a yi amfani da wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin cibiyar sadarwar gida ta hanyar haɗin kai tsaye. A cewar COLAS, wani yanki na 20 m2 na waƙar ya isa don samar da wutar lantarki zuwa gida (ban da dumama). An kiyasta cewa zai samar da makamashi mai tsafta don samar da wutar lantarki ga hasken jama'a na ƙawancen Norman da aka ambata (mazauna 3.298).
Sukar da babbar hanyar hasken rana ta Faransa
Wannan aikin da baƙon abu, wanda gwamnatin Faransa ta biya, yaci kuɗi 5 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai. Amma kafin ambaton sukar da aka karɓa, bari mu nuna wasu maki don a tuna game da waɗannan hanyoyin samar da makamashi:
- Babbar fa'idar hanyar mota mai amfani da hasken rana ita ce ta kaucewa amfani da filayen noma don samar da wutar lantarki. Tare da shi, zai ba da gudummawa ga wani amfani ga manyan hanyoyi.
- Bukatar duniya game da makamashi zata ninka x2 a shekara ta 2050.
- Hanyoyi suna hawa kawai ta hanyar motoci 10% na lokaci.
- Dole ne ku yi la'akari da juyin zamani na fasahar kere-kere, sa ƙwayoyin rana su zama masu aiki da arha don ƙera su.
Babu 'yan sukar da aka karɓa, galibi masu alaƙa da babban farashi na wannan aikin hasken rana. Gaskiya ne, wannan kasafin kuɗi ne wanda ake iya hangowa, tunda samun shimfidar ƙasa mai tsayayya da zirga-zirgar manyan motoci yana sa aikin yayi tsada sosai.
Nasa ƙarfin aiki, tunda da wannan kudin za a iya sanya shuka mai amfani da hasken rana tare da bangarorin da suka karkata. Hakanan ana tababa game da inda yake, tunda akwai wurare a Faransa da mafi yawan awanni na hasken rana a kowace shekara. A nan ya kamata a lura cewa haɗin gwiwar da ke kula da samar da waɗannan matakan daidai yake a cikin Tourouvre-au-Perche.
Maganar gaskiya itace kodayake a watan Oktoban da ya gabata Ma’aikatar Muhalli ta sanar da cewa samar da kayayyakin zai kasance awanni 17 kilowatt (kWh) a kowace rana, jim kaɗan bayan haka dole ta gyara ta kuma nuna cewa samarwar da ake tsammani ita ce 963 kWh a kowace rana. Wato, ya ninka sau ashirin.
Masana ba su yin tambaya game da wannan kere-kere na kere-kere ta fasaha. Amma suna mamaki game da aikinta, kuma sunyi imanin cewa wannan kasafin kuɗi zai iya sanya hannun jari a cikin wasu hanyoyin haɓakawa tare da tabbatar da riba.
Hanya mai amfani da hasken rana da aka yi da bangarorin Wattway
Wannan hanyar Normandy tana da ikon ɗaukar makamashin hasken rana da kuma samar da wutar lantarki don amfanin gida. Don gininta an kira mata hanya mai amfani da hasken rana wattway, wanda ke tsayayya da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa masu nauyi. Fure ne na mallakar hoto wanda yake buƙatar shekaru biyar na bincike da ci gaba. Bayan shi akwai kamfanin Colas da kuma National Institute of Solar Energy.
A cewar masana'anta, 20m2 na Wattway slabs sun isa wadatar gida.
Wadannan bangarorin daukar hoto suna samun babban juriya saboda an yi su ne da resin silin mai launuka da yawa. A wasu kalmomin, ana saka ƙwayoyin photovoltaic tsakanin dubunnan yadudduka na abubuwa masu juriya. Kaurin nata yan milimita kadan ne, yana bada tabbacin bibiyar tayoyin, kuma yana yarda da nakasar da canjin yanayin zafin jiki zai iya haifarwa akan hanya.
Wani fanni mai ban sha'awa na wannan kayan ana samun sa a cikin girka shi: ya ƙunshi faranti waɗanda aka girka kai tsaye a kan shimfidar da ke akwai.