Rarfin wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana

La thermoelectric hasken rana o zafin rana fasaha ce da ke amfani da zafin rana wajen samar da wutar lantarki. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne a cikin abubuwan da ake kira na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana, ko kuma masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, wadanda aka fara ginawa a kasashen Turai da Japan a farkon shekarun 80. Amfanin wannan makamashin shi ne cewa yana da tsabta, mai yawa da kuma sabuntawa. : A duk kwanaki goma, duniya tana samun makamashi daga rana daidai da adadin kuzarin da aka sani na man fetur, gas da gawayi. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu amfani da hasken rana na thermoelectric suna rayuwa tare. Spain tana cikin matsayi mai fa'ida a wannan fagen, tunda tana da tsire-tsire masu zafin rana da yawa da kuma masana'antu mai ƙarfi, suna shiga cikin ayyukan a duk faɗin duniya.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da halaye da mahimmancin makamashin hasken rana na thermoelectric.

Menene makamashin hasken rana na thermoelectric

Tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana tana aiki kamar tashar wutar lantarki, amma maimakon gawayi ko iskar gas, tana amfani da makamashin hasken rana. Hasken rana yana tattara ta cikin madubai a cikin mai karɓar, yana kai yanayin zafi har zuwa 1.000 ºC. Ana amfani da wannan zafin don dumama ruwa da kuma samar da tururi, wanda ke motsa injin turbin kuma yana samar da wutar lantarki. Yayin da tsire-tsire na farko zasu iya aiki kawai a cikin sa'o'in hasken rana, a yau ana iya adana zafi don samar da shi da dare.

Nau'in tsire-tsire

A halin yanzu akwai manyan nau'ikan masana'antar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. Samar da wutar lantarki iri daya ne, bambancin yadda makamashin hasken rana ya ta'allaka ne.

Solar thermal Tower shuka

Yana amfani da saitin madubai masu tuƙi, da ake kira heliostats, don mai da hankali ga hasken rana akan masu karɓar da ke kan hasumiya. A cikin matsakaicin lokaci, fasaha ce da aka tabbatar, inganci da riba. An gina masana'antar matukin jirgi na farko a cikin Almería (Spain) da Nio (Japan) a cikin 1981. Kalubalen da ake fuskanta yanzu shine rage farashin ginin hasumiya ta hasken rana.

Parabolic tasa ko Stirling tasa mai zafin rana

Wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana tana amfani da madubi mai kama da tasa don mai da hankali kan hasken rana akan injin Stirling a wurin mai da hankali na parabola, don haka shi ake kira Central Stirling disk. Zafin da aka tara yana ɗaga zafin iska, wanda ke motsa injin Stirling da injin turbine don samar da wutar lantarki. Shahararriyar ciyawar tasa ita ce wadda ke Mojave (Amurka).

Parabolic trough hasken rana thermal ikon shuka

Irin waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire sun fi dacewa daga ra'ayi na kasuwanci. Sun yi amfani da madubi a cikin nau'in silinda mai kama da tasha tare da kullinsa wanda ke tattara hasken rana. Bututun yana ƙunshe da wani ruwa mai zafi kuma yana samar da tururi mai tuka injin turbine. Parabolic trough hasken rana tsire-tsire masu zafi suna aiki a Spain da sauran ƙasashe.

Haɓaka makamashin hasken rana na thermoelectric

Augustin Mouchot ya bayyana tushen tushen makamashin zafin rana a cikin 1878, kuma a cikin 1980s wasu gogewa sun nuna yiwuwarsa. Har zuwa kwanan nan, duk da haka, ikon zafin rana yana fuskantar cikas da abubuwa guda uku:

• Babban farashin kayan ya fara raguwa yayin da fasaha ta bunkasa kuma amfanin gona ya karu.
• Ba shi yiwuwa a adana makamashi don samar da shi cikin dare ɗaya. Wannan iyakance kwanan nan ya fara shawo kan wannan iyakance ta fasahar da ke adana zafi. Misali, shukar Gemasolar a Seville tana amfani da narkakkar gishiri don adana zafi. dalilin da ya sa ta zama tashar wutar lantarki ta farko ta hasken rana mai karfin samar da makamashi sa'o'i 24 a rana.
• Ana buƙatar babban adadin hasken rana a duk shekara, wanda ke iyakance ƙaddamar da wannan makamashi a cikin yankunan kudu. Duk da haka, manyan ayyuka kamar Desertec sun ba da shawarar kafa masana'antu a yankuna kamar hamadar Sahara sannan a aika da wutar lantarki zuwa Turai.
• Yawancin ayyukan makamashin hasken rana a halin yanzu ana haɓakawa a ƙasashe kamar Aljeriya, Maroko, Amurka ko Ostiraliya. Mutane da yawa sun shiga cikin Mutanen Espanya.

Thermoelectric hasken rana makamashi a Spain

Spain kasa ce mai karfin duniya a makamashin zafin rana. Yanayin kasar ya dace da kafa na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana saboda yawan sa'o'i na hasken rana da kuma manyan yankunan hamada. An gina masana'antar matukin jirgi na farko, da ake kira SSPS/CRS da CESA 1, a Tabenas (Almería) a cikin 1981 da 1983, bi da bi.

A cikin 2007, na farko kasuwanci PS10 hasumiya hasken rana shukar thermal shuka a duniya aka ba da izini a Sanlúcar la Mayor (Seville). A cikin 2011, masana'antun 21 masu karfin 852,4MW suna aiki yayin da wasu 40 ke cikin aikin, a cewar Protermosolar. Ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya na masana'antar thermal na hasken rana. Lokacin da duk waɗannan sabbin tsire-tsire suka fara aiki, a kusa da 2014, Spain za ta zama jagorar samar da wannan tushen samar da makamashi mai tsafta da sabuntawa 100% a duniya.

Aplicaciones

• Aikace-aikace: Ruwan zafi mai tsafta, dumama, kwandishan da dumama wurin wanka. A cikin gidaje guda ɗaya yana iya rufe kusan kashi 70% na yawan ruwan zafi.
• Ayyuka: Thermal faranti ne ke da alhakin tattara hasken rana da kuma canja wurin zafi zuwa ruwan da ke yawo ta cikin su.
• Dokoki da taimako: Ƙa'idar Ginin Fasaha (CTE) da aka amince da ita a cikin 2006 na buƙatar shigarwa na hasken rana a cikin duk sababbin gine-gine. Taimakon jaha da yanki na iya ɗaukar kashi ɗaya bisa uku zuwa rabi na farashin shigarwa.
• Farashin da tanadi: Matsakaicin farashin shigarwa don murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in 2 shine kawai kusan Yuro 1.500 na ruwan zafi. Idan aka kwatanta da iskar gas ko tukunyar jirgi na propane, tanadin makamashi shine € 150 / shekara, kuma idan burbushin mai da wutar lantarki ya ci gaba da girma, tanadin makamashi zai fi girma. Ba tare da tallafi ba, lokacin dawowa yana kusan shekaru 10, tare da tallafi, yana ɗaukar shekaru 5 kawai.

Thermoelectric makamashin hasken rana shima yana da aikace-aikace a cikin gida. Bari mu ga menene:

• Aplicación: Samar da makamashin lantarki don amfanin gida ko don sake siyarwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar gabaɗaya.
• Ayyuka: Fuskokin hoto suna canza hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki.
• Dokoki da taimako: Ana buƙatar kamfanonin wutar lantarki bisa doka don siyan grid-haɗe-haɗe da wutar lantarki, suna biyan rangwame ga masu samarwa (a halin yanzu 575% na farashin kowace kilowatt). A gefe guda, ka'idodin gine-gine na fasaha suna buƙatar shigar da bangarori na hoto a cikin kowane ginin jama'a ko na sirri na fiye da murabba'in mita 3.000.
• Farashin da tanadi: Don samar da kai, farashin ƙaramin 5 kW yana kusa da Yuro 35.000. Ganin cewa yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi na shekara-shekara na matsakaicin gida yana kusa da Yuro 725, ba a saka hannun jarin ba sai bayan shekaru 48.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da makamashin hasken rana na thermoelectric da halayensa.