Daya daga cikin mahimman matakai a duniya na hasken rana shi ne tasirin hoto. Tasiri ne na photoelectric wanda a cikinsa ake samar da wutan lantarki wanda ke tafiya daga yanki ɗaya zuwa wani da aka yi da kayan daban. Wadannan kayan suna fuskantar hasken rana ko kuma hasken lantarki. Wannan tasirin yana da mahimmanci a cikin ƙarni na makamashin lantarki daga ƙwayoyin photovoltaic na bangarorin hasken rana.
Idan kana son sanin yadda bangarorin hasken rana suke aiki da kuma menene tasirin hoto, wannan shine post naka 🙂
Menene tasirin tasirin hoto?
Lokacin da muke amfani da hasken rana don samun ƙarfin lantarki, abin da muke amfani da shi shine energyarfin da ƙwayoyin hasken rana zasu canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki mai amfani ga gidanmu. Kwayoyin Photovoltaic sune na'urorin haɗe-haɗe waɗanda aka haɗa musamman na silicon. Wadannan kwayoyin photovoltaic suna da wasu datti daga wasu abubuwan sinadaran. Koyaya, silicon yana ƙoƙari ya zama mai haɗari kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Kwayoyin Photovoltaic suna da ikon samar da wutar lantarki daga mai amfani kai tsaye ta hanyar amfani da makamashi daga hasken rana. Matsalar irin wannan rafin shine ba'a amfani dashi don gida. Cigaba da makamashi yana buƙatar canzawa zuwa wani makamashi don amfani dashi. Wannan na bukatar a mai juya wutar lantarki.
Abin da tasirin hotunan ke yi shine samar da makamashin lantarki daga hasken rana. Wannan jujjuyawar tana zuwa ne ta hanyar zafi kuma godiya ga wannan tasirin ya canza zuwa lantarki. Don wannan ya faru, dole ne a sanya ƙwayoyin hotunan a cikin jerin tare da bangarorin hasken rana. Ana yin wannan don ku iya sami isasshen ƙarfin lantarki wanda zai ba da damar samar da wutar lantarki.
A bayyane yake, ba duk hasken rana da ke zuwa daga sararin samaniya ake canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki ba. Wani ɓangare na shi ya ɓace ta hanyar tunani kuma wani ta hanyar watsawa. Wato, an dawo da wani sashi zuwa yanayi kuma ɗayan ɓangaren yana wucewa ta tantanin halitta. Adadin radiation wanda ke iya tuntuɓar ƙwayoyin photovoltaic shine ya sa electrons ke tsalle daga ɗayan zuwa wancan. A lokacin ne idan aka halicci wani lantarki wanda ƙarfinsa ya yi daidai da adadin radiation wanda ƙarshe ya sami kwayoyi.
Halaye na tasirin tasirin hoto
Wannan shine sirrin da bangarorin hasken rana suke kiyayewa. Tabbas kun taba yin tunani don ganin yadda zasu samar da wutar lantarki daga rana. Da kyau, game da sa hannun yawancin kayan da aka hada da abubuwan sarrafawa. Daya daga cikinsu shine silicon. Wani sinadari ne wanda yake nuna wata dabi'a ta daban dangane da aikin wutar lantarki.
Sakamakon da waɗannan kayan aikin semiconductor suke da shi ya dogara ne kacokan kan tushen makamashi yana iya faranta musu rai ko a'a. Wato, electrons suna tafiya zuwa wata ƙasa mai kuzari. A wannan yanayin, muna da tushen da zai iya farantawa waɗannan lantarki rai, wanda shine hasken rana.
Lokacin a photon karo tare da lantarki daga ƙarshen zagaye na ƙarshe na ƙirar siliki, tasirin hoto ya fara. Wannan karo yana sa electron ya sami kuzari daga photon kuma zai iya zama mai cike da farin ciki. Idan makamashin da wutan lantarki yake samu daga photon ya fi karfin karfin kwayar kwayar kwayar halittar, za mu fuskanci fitowar lantarki ne daga kewayen.
Duk wannan yana sanya atomatis kyauta kuma suna iya tafiya cikin duk kayan semiconductor. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, silin ɗin da ke aiki azaman motsa jiki yana karkatar da dukkan kuzarin da yake da amfani. Wutan da aka saki daga cajin suna zuwa wasu atamomi inda akwai sarari kyauta. Motsi daga wadannan wayoyin shine ake kira da caji a halin yanzu.
Yadda ake samarwa
Ana samun ikon caji ta amfani da kayan sarrafawa kuma sanya wannan ya faru ta hanya koyaushe don a sami filin lantarki wanda ke da madaidaiciyar polarity. Irin wannan filin lantarki ne yake fara turawa wutan lantarki ta kowane bangare don zagaya wutar lantarki.
Idan kuzarin wutar lantarki ta hanyar daukar hoto ya wuce jan hankalin kwayar kwayar halittar siliki, zai zama kyauta. Don wannan ya faru, karfin da tasirin tasirin foton dole ne a kan lantarki shine aƙalla 1,2 eV.
Kowane nau'i na kayan aikin semiconductor yana da ƙarancin makamashi da ake buƙata don ya saki electrons daga ƙwayoyinsa. Akwai hotunan hoto wadanda suke da gajeren zango kuma sun fito daga hasken ultraviolet. Kamar yadda muka sani, waɗannan hotunan suna da adadin ƙarfin da ke ƙunshe da su. A gefe guda, zamu sami waɗanda ƙarfinsu ya fi tsayi, saboda haka suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Waɗannan hotunan suna cikin ɓangaren infrared na bakan lantarki.
Minimumaramar kuzari da ake buƙata kowane kayan aikin semiconductor don sakin electrons ya dogara da mitar mitar. Wannan rukuni yana haɗa su daga waɗanda ke zuwa cikin hasken ultraviolet zuwa launuka masu ganuwa. A ƙasa wannan, ba sa iya sakin lantarki, don haka ba za a sami wutar lantarki ba.
Matsalar Photon
Wucewa cikin kayan don raba wutan lantarki yafi rikitarwa. Ba duk photon bane suke yin sa kai tsaye. Wannan saboda saboda wucewa ta cikin kayan dole su rasa kuzari. Idan waɗanda suke a yankin mafi tsawon zango na keɓaɓɓiyar wutar lantarki tuni basu da kuzari, to zasu rasa shi yayin saduwa da kayan. Lokacin da makamashi ya ɓace, wasu fotoson suna haɗuwa kaɗan tare da wutan lantarki kuma basa iya karkatar da su. Wadannan asarar ba makawa bane kuma sune suke sanya kasa samun 100% na amfani da hasken rana.
Sauran asarar makamashi suna faruwa yayin da fotonon ya ratsa duka kayan kuma basa cin karo da duk wani wutan lantarki da zasu canza shi. Wannan ma matsala ce da ba za a iya guje mata ba.
Ina fatan wannan labarin ya bayyana tasirin tasirin hoto.