Don dakatar da mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi, dole ne su yanke shawara cikin sauri gudanarwa da kuma aiwatar da manufofin muhalli wadanda ke rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban sauyin makamashi.
Don yin wannan, a cikin Taron Tattalin Arzikin Davos, duk wakilan kamfanoni da cibiyoyi a bangaren makamashi sun yarda cewa ba su cika daukar sakamakon da canjin yanayi zai iya haifarwa ba kuma dole ne a dauki matakan ragewa da wuri-wuri. Menene taron Davos ya ƙunsa?
Yanayin sabuntawa
Asalin hadafin wannan taron shine tattaunawa game da makomar makamashi a cikin ma'ana mai fadi. Koyaya, duk waɗanda suka halarci taron sun fahimci cewa canjin yanayi muhimmiyar matsala ce ta duniya har ta zama babban ƙalubale ga dukkan kamfanoni, hukumomi da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa.
A zaman suka shiga tsakani shugaban Iberdrola, Ignacio Sánchez Galán; da Ministan jiragen kasa da kwal na kasar Indiya, Piyush Goyal; wakiliyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan dorewar makamashi, Rachel Kyte; shugaban kamfanin mai na kasar Brazil mai suna Petrobras, Pedro Pullen Parente, da shugaban kamfanin Schneider Electric, Jean Pascal Tricoire.
Hasashen makamashi an gabatar dashi azaman bayyananniyar dama ga abubuwan sabuntawa, tunda canjin yanayi yana "tilasta" ko "matsin lamba" ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da haɓaka makamashi mai tsabta don inganta su. Misali, Iberdrola ya ci gajiyar canjin yanayi albarkacin gaskiyar cewa ya haɓaka ribarta, sun fi gasa kuma sun samu rage gurɓataccen hayakin gas da kashi 75% cikin recentan shekarun nan.
An yi amfani da makamashi sau da yawa azaman makamin siyasa. Wannan ya yi tasiri ga masu amfani da masu hannun jari. Koyaya, suna fatan kada su sake yin kuskure, gina sabuwar, daidaitacciyar manufar makamashi.
Misalin sabuntawa yana mamaye yanke shawara na siyasa wanda, banda koyaushe ya zama daidai, bashi da manufa mai ma'ana. Fasahar makamashi mai tsabta ta riga ta wanzu, ta haɓaka kowace rana kuma tana da gasa, duk da haka, akwai siyasa da yawa a cikin kuzari da kuma karancin siyasar makamashi.
Manufofin makamashi suna haifar da dunkulewar dunkulewar juna. Wannan abu ne mai kyau, tunda zamu iya fitarwa da shigo da rarar makamashi zuwa wasu ƙasashe. Akwai kamfanoni da yawa da suke yin caca kan abubuwan sabuntawa; ba manyan kamfanoni kawai ba har ma da masu saka hannun jari a bayan su, masu mulki da masu saye.
Sánchez Galán ya tuno da hakan Kasashe 195 suka rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Paris kan yaki da canjin yanayi, amma kaɗan ne ke da manufar makamashi da ake buƙata don bin yarjejeniyar da aka ɗauka.
Nemi mafita
Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya magance matsalar ƙarancin manufofin makamashi wanda ke taimakawa tare da sauyawar makamashi shi ne wanda Rachel Kyte, daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gabatar: dakatar da bayar da kuzari wanda a zahiri «basa kaunar juna".
A cikin sauyawar makamashi yana da mahimmanci cewa masu amfani dole ne su iya yanke shawarar wane makamashi suke so, tunda canje-canje zai zo daga garesu. Masu amfani suna ƙara buƙatar gudu da ingantaccen yanayin makamashi.
Zai yiwu mafi mahimmancin bayani shine ƙaddamarwa. Bayan shekara ta 2030 ana tsammanin zai kasance ƙasa da kashi 20% na samar da makamashi a duniya.
Sánchez Galán ya amsa da cewa "ba batun sanya makomar wannan fanni ba ne a matsayin gwagwarmaya tsakanin mai da iskar gas a gefe guda da wutar lantarki a daya bangaren", tunda dukkan mai da iskar gas din suna da "kyakkyawar makoma."
Goyal, wakilin Gwamnatin Indiya, wanda Firayim Ministansa, Narendra Modi, ya gabatar da jawabin bude taron karo na arba'in da takwas na Tattaunawar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya a yau, ya kuma yi magana game da canjin da ake bukata zuwa wasu hanyoyin samun makamashi, da kuma neman mafita ga sadu da manufofin Yarjejeniyar Paris.
Canjin makamashi yana da matukar mahimmanci ta fuskar tasirin sauyin yanayi.