A wasu labaran da muka yi magana a kansu dabaru, da biosphere, hydrosphere, yanayi, da dai sauransu da dukkan sifofinsa. Don ayyana da kyau duk yankuna na Duniya da aikin kowane ɗayan, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya sun kafa wasu iyakoki. A lokuta da yawa muna magana ne game da sararin samaniya, kodayake har yanzu ba a fayyace shi sosai ba kuma an taƙaita shi dangane da abin da zai iya ƙunsa.
An bayyana yanayin yanayi kamar tsarin halittu na duniya na duniya, wanda duk wasu kwayoyin halittar dake cikin kwayar halittar suke hadewa da kuma alakar da ke kulla tsakaninsu da mahalli. Shin kana son sanin game da halaye da mahimmancin yanayin sararin samaniya?
Ma'anar sararin samaniya Menene shi?
Zamu iya cewa sararin samaniya shine Jimlar yanayin rayuwa da yiwuwar hulda da muhalli. A wata ma'anar, yanayin halittar ya hada da duk wani yanki na Duniya wanda yake rayayyun halittu, amma baiyi la’akari da cudanya tsakanin wadannan kwayoyin halittar da muhalli ba. Wato, musanyar kwayar halitta tsakanin yawan dabbobi da tsirrai, sarkokin dake tattare da yanayin halittu, aikin da kowace kwayar halitta keyi a muhallin da wasu jinsunan suke rayuwa, alakar dake tsakanin abiotic da bangaren halittu, da sauransu.
Wannan ra'ayi na sararin samaniya ya game duniya sosai, tunda godiya gareshi abu ne mai yiwuwa mu fahimta daga hanyar da zamu kira tsarin halittu na duniya wanda aka ambata ta sama, mai suna, geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere da kuma yanayi. A takaice dai, sararin samaniya kamar nazarin dukkanin sauran halittu ne da ke duniya baki daya da kuma irin mu'amalar da ke tsakaninsu.
Ayyukan
Saboda girman yanayin sararin samaniya yana da girma, ana iya raba shi zuwa ƙananan girma don sauƙaƙe karatun sa. Dole ne mu kasance a sarari cewa kodayake mutane suna rarrabawa da rarraba abubuwan halittu don fahimtar aikinsu da kyau, kiyaye su da kuma amfani da su, gaskiya ce cewa yanayi cikakke ne kuma cewa akwai alaƙa ta yau da kullun tsakanin dukkanin tsarukan halittu waɗanda suka haɗu da abin da ake kira ecosphere.
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, a cikin tsarin halittu na dukkan duniya masu rai suna mu'amala kai tsaye ko kuma kai tsaye. Misali, lokacin da tsire-tsire suke daukar hoto, suna shan CO2 kuma suna sakin oxygen wanda yake da mahimmanci ga rayuwar wasu halittu. Wani misali wanda wani abiotic factor kamar ruwa tsoma baki shine tsarin halittun ruwa. A wannan zagayen, ruwa yana motsawa cikin tsari mai mahimmanci don rayuwa akan matakin duniya. Godiya ga wannan motsi na ruwa da kuma gudummawar ci gaba ga tsarin halittu, miliyoyin jinsuna na iya rayuwa a duniyar tamu.
Waɗannan mu'amala da dukkan rayayyun halittu suke da ita, da juna da kuma abubuwan ɓatanci (kamar ruwa, ƙasa ko iska) suna sa mu ga cewa duk ɓangaren wuyar warwarewar ya zama dole don zama tare a Duniya. Saboda wannan, yana da mahimmanci muyi ƙoƙari mu rage tasirin da ɗan adam ke haifarwa a doron ƙasa, tunda duk wata lalacewa da ta same shi zai zama yana da tasiri a kan sauran abubuwan haɗin da ke kunshe da sararin samaniya.
Kayan aiki
Idan muka koma ga dukkan kwayoyin halittu masu rai muna da nau'ikan halittu masu yawa. Da farko muna da kwayoyin da ke samarwa. Wadannan ana kiransu autotrophs, ma'ana, suna da ikon samar da nasu abinci ta hanyar ruwa, carbon dioxide da gishirin ma'adinai. Don ƙirƙirar abincinsu suna buƙatar ƙarfin hasken rana. Shuke-shuke kwayoyin halitta ne.
Na karshen suna cin kwayoyin halitta, wadanda ake kira heterotrophs, wadanda suke cinye kwayoyin halittar da wasu halittu suka samar. A cikin heterotrophs zamu iya samun nau'ikan kwayoyin masu cinyewa:
- Masu amfani da firamare. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke cin ciyawa kawai, waɗanda aka sani da shuke-shuke.
- Masu amfani da Secondary. Waɗannan su ne dabbobin farauta waɗanda ke cin naman ciyawar tsire-tsire.
- Masu amfani da manyan makarantu. Suna ciyar da waɗancan dabbobi waɗanda ke cin waɗansu dabbobi masu cin nama.
- Rushewa. Sun zama sune kwayoyin halittar heterotrophic wadanda suke ciyar da kwayoyin halittar da suka mutu sakamakon ragowar sauran halittu.
Bambanci tsakanin yanayin halittu da sararin samaniya
A gefe daya, yanayin halittar, inda wadannan halittu suke, ya fadada daga kasan tekuna zuwa saman dutsen da ke akwai, kuma ya game wani bangare na sararin samaniya, da tarko, da kuma wani yanki na yanayin kasa. , wato, yanayin rayuwa, kamar yadda ya bayyana, yanki ne na kasa da ake samun rayuwa a ciki.
Koyaya, a gefe guda, sararin samaniya ba yanki ne kawai da ake samun rayuwa da yaduwa ba, amma yana nazarin duk alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan rayayyun halittu. Musayar kwayoyin halitta da kuzari tsakanin rayayyun halittu da muhalli suna da rikitarwa. Don samun daidaituwa a cikin halittu kuma kowane jinsi na iya zama tare lokaci guda, dole ne ya zama akwai albarkatun ƙasa don tallafawa yawan jama'a, masu ɓarna waɗanda ke kula da yawan mutane na kowane jinsi, ƙwayoyin halitta masu saukin kai, daidaito tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta da mahaɗa, alaƙar alaƙa, da dai sauransu. .
Kowane tsarin halittu yana da daidaiton muhalli dangane da yawan jama'a, albarkatun ƙasa da yanayin yanayin yanayi da ke faruwa. Wannan daidaiton yanayin muhalli ya kasance da wahalar nazari da fahimta, tunda akwai masu canji da yawa da ke aiki a cikin wannan daidaitaccen ma'auni. Yanayin yanayin yanayi sune wadanda suke tantance yawan ruwan da ke akwai a cikin tsarin halittu, yawan ruwa, bi da bi, yana ba da damar tsire-tsire, wanda kuma, yana tallafawa yawan ciyawar shuke-shuke, waɗanda sune ke aiki yayin da nake ciyar da dabbobi masu cin nama. kuma sun bar ragowar ga masu ruɓar da ɓarnatar.
Dukkanin jerin abincin an "hade su" da yanayin da ke kasancewa a kowane wuri kuma a kowane lokaci, don haka idan akwai wani abin da yake daidaita dukkan masu canji, yanayin halittu na iya haifar da rashin zaman lafiya. Misali, wancan lamarin da bai daidaita tsakanin sauran masu canji ba na iya zama aikin mutum. Tasirin ci gaba da tasirin mutum akan muhalli ga abubuwan abiotic da biotic suna canza ma'aunin tsarin halittu, wanda hakan yana sanya wuya ga yawancin jinsuna su rayu kuma hakan yana haifar da halakar wasu da yawa.
Tsarin musamman wanda NASA ya kirkira don fahimtar sararin samaniya
Don fahimtar daidaiton yanayin muhalli da ke cikin tsarin halittu, NASA ta ƙirƙiri gwaji. Kwancen gilashin da aka hatimce shi, wanda algae, ƙwayoyin cuta da jatan lande ke rayuwa, a wata hanya, duniya cikakkiyar kimiya, wanda, tare da kulawar da ta dace, na iya rayuwa tsakanin shekaru huɗu zuwa biyar, kodayake akwai lokuta da suka shafi rayuwar tsawon shekaru 18.
Wannan tsari na musamman an kirkireshi ne don fahimtar daidaituwar da ke kula da tsarin da kuma sanya jituwa ta yadda kowane jinsi zai iya rayuwa a ciki kuma ya wadata kansu da albarkatun kasa ba tare da rage su ba.
Baya ga wannan ra'ayin na fahimtar daidaiton yanayin muhalli, an kirkiro wannan tsarin ne don nemo wasu hanyoyin da za a iya jigilar cikakkun halittu zuwa duniyoyin da ke nesa da Duniya a nan gaba, kamar Mars.
An shigar da ruwan teku, ruwan teku, algae, kwayoyin cuta, jatan lande, tsakuwa a cikin kwan. Ayyukan halittu suna faruwa a keɓe saboda ƙwai ya rufe. Yana karɓar haske ne kawai daga waje don kula da tsarin nazarin halittu.
Tare da wannan aikin zaku iya samun ra'ayin samun kayan aiki wanda zai iya biyan bukatun bukatun abinci, ruwa da iska don 'yan sama jannati su isa wata duniyar da kyau. Don haka, a wannan ma'anar, NASA tana ɗaukar sararin samaniya a matsayin ƙaramar duniyar duniya kuma shrimp yana aiki kamar mutane.
Wuce iyakokin sararin samaniya
Godiya ga wannan gwajin, ya yiwu a fahimci daidaituwar yanayin halittu kuma hakan, muddin ana mutunta iyakoki, za a iya samun jituwa kuma duk nau'ikan da sararin samaniya ke tallafawa za su iya rayuwa. Wannan ya taimaka mana mu fahimci cewa, a duniyar mu, ana wuce iyakokin halittu, Tunda ana wuce masu canjin yanayi.
Don fahimtar waɗannan iyakokin cewa sararin samaniya yana da ɗan ɗan sauƙi, dole ne muyi la'akari da cewa yanayin halittu yana da wadatattun albarkatu da iyakantaccen sarari. Idan muka gabatar da nau'ikan da yawa a cikin wannan sararin, zasu yi gasa don albarkatu da yanki. Dabbobi suna hayayyafa da haɓaka yawan su da yawan mutane, don haka buƙatun albarkatu da ƙasa zasu ƙaru. Idan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da masu amfani da farko suka ƙaru, masu farauta suma zasu ƙaru.
Wannan yanayin na ci gaba da ci gaba ba zai iya ci gaba ba har abada a cikin lokaci, tunda albarkatun basu da iyaka. Lokacin da nau'ikan suka wuce karfin halittu domin sake halitta da kuma tattara albarkatu, jinsuna sukan fara rage yawan alumma har sai sun sake daidaitawa.
Wannan shine abin da ke faruwa da ɗan adam. Muna ci gaba da ƙaruwa kuma ba za a iya hana shi ba kuma muna cin albarkatun ƙasa gwargwadon yadda duniya ba ta da lokacin sabuntawa. Daidaita yanayin muhalli na duniya tuni ya wuce mutane kuma zamu iya ƙoƙarin yin hakan ne kawai tare da kyakkyawan kulawa da amfani da duk albarkatu.
Dole ne mu tuna cewa duniyoyi daya ne muke dasu kuma ya rage namu mu tsaya akansa.