Kullum muna magana ne game da gurbatar iska, iskar gas da ke fitowa daga motoci da masana'antu, da dumamar yanayi da sauyin yanayi. Duk da haka, akwai mutane da yawa da ba su sani ba menene yanayi, menene halayensa, yadudduka da yadda muhimmancinsa yake.
Saboda wannan dalili, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku abin da yanayi yake, menene gadajensa da kuma yadda suke da mahimmanci ga rayuwa a duniya.
menene yanayi
Yanayi wani nau'in nau'in iskar gas ne wanda aka tattara a kewayen duniya ko jikin sama kuma ana riƙe shi ta wurin nauyi. A wasu taurarin da aka yi galibi da iskar gas, wannan Layer na iya zama musamman mai yawa da zurfi.
Yanayin duniya yana kimanin kilomita 10.000 daga saman duniya da gidaje iskar da ake buƙata don kula da kwanciyar hankali na duniya da kuma ba da damar rayuwa ta haɓaka a cikin yadudduka daban-daban. Iskar da ke cikinta tana da alaƙa da hydrosphere (tarin ruwa na duniya), kuma suna rinjayar juna.
Za a iya raba yanayin mu zuwa manyan yankuna guda biyu: Layer mai kama (ƙananan kilomita 100) da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i (daga kilomita 80 zuwa gefen waje), yankin na farko ya fi bambanta da kama da juna bisa ga nau'in iskar gas da ke hada shi. . kowane yanki yana da inganci, kuma ya bambanta kuma ya bambanta a cikin na biyu.
Ana iya gano asali da juyin halittar yanayi tun farkon matakin duniya, inda wani kauri mai kauri na iskar gas ya kasance a kewayen duniya, wanda ya kunshi hydrogen da helium daga tsarin hasken rana. Duk da haka, sanyin da duniya ke yi a hankali da bayyanar rayuwa sun canza yanayin yanayi tare da canza abubuwan da ke cikinta zuwa matakan da muka sani a yau ta hanyar matakai kamar photosynthesis da haɗin gwiwar sinadarai ko numfashi.
Babban fasali
Yanayin duniya yana kunshe da nau'ikan iskar gas iri-iri. wanda mafi girman kaso na taro ya tattara a cikin farkon kilomita 11 na tsayi (95% na iska yana cikin farkon farkon sa), tare da jimlar jimlar 5,1 x 1018 kg.
Babban iskar gas da ke haɗa shi (a cikin yanayin kamanni) sune nitrogen (78,08%), oxygen (20,94%), tururin ruwa (tsakanin 1% da 4% a matakin saman) da argon (0,93%). Duk da haka, wasu iskar gas kuma suna cikin ƙananan yawa. kamar carbon dioxide (0,04%), Neon (0,0018%), helium (0,0005%), methane (0,0001%), da dai sauransu.
A nata bangare, heterosphere yana kunshe da nau'o'i daban-daban na nitrogen (kilomita 80-400), oxygen atomic (kilomita 400-1100), helium (1100-3500 km) da hydrogen (3500-10.000 km). Matsin yanayi da zafin jiki suna raguwa tare da tsayi, don haka harsashi na waje yana da sanyi da bakin ciki.
Layer na yanayi
Yanayin duniya ya ƙunshi nau'o'i masu zuwa:
- Layer na farko a cikin hulɗa da saman duniya, inda yawancin iskar gas suka taru. Ya kai tsayin kilomita 6 a sandunan da kuma kilomita 18 a sauran duniya, kuma ita ce mafi zafi a cikin dukkan nau'o'in halitta, duk da cewa iyakar zafinsa ya kai -50 ° C.
- Ya bambanta da tsayi daga kilomita 18 zuwa 50 kuma ana rarraba shi a cikin yadudduka masu yawa. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne ozone Layer, inda hasken rana ke shafar iskar oxygen don samar da kwayoyin ozone (O3), wanda aka sani da "ozone Layer". Wannan tsari yana haifar da zafi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yanayin zafi na stratospheric ya tashi sosai zuwa -3 ° C.
- Tsakanin yanayi, tsayin kilomita 50 zuwa 80. Shi ne yanki mafi sanyi na duk yanayin, yana kaiwa -80 ° C.
- ionosphere ko thermosphere. Tsayinsa ya bambanta daga kilomita 80 zuwa 800, iska tana da sirara sosai, kuma yanayin zafi yana canzawa sosai dangane da zafin rana: zafinsa na iya kaiwa 1.500 ° C da rana kuma yana raguwa sosai da dare.
- Ƙarshen waje na yanayi yana da tsakanin Tsawon kilomita 800 da 10.000, in mun gwada rashin kayyadewa, kawai sauyi tsakanin yanayi da sararin samaniya. A can, tserewar abubuwa masu sauƙi daga yanayi, kamar helium ko hydrogen, yana faruwa.
ozone Layer na stratosphere
Ozone Layer Layer ne da ke kewaye da ƙasa kuma yana hana hasken rana da hasken ultraviolet isa ga halittu masu rai. Yankin stratosphere na duniya wanda ya ƙunshi mafi girman adadin ozone ana kiransa ozone Layer ko ozone Layer. Ana samun wannan Layer tsakanin kilomita 15 zuwa 50 sama da matakin teku, yana dauke da kashi 90% na ozone a cikin sararin samaniya kuma yana sha tsakanin 97% da 99% na hasken ultraviolet. babban mita (150-300nm). Masana kimiyya Charles Fabry da Henri Bison ne suka gano shi a cikin 1913.
Masanin yanayi na Biritaniya GMB ya yi nazari dalla-dalla da halayensa. Dobson ya ƙera na'ura mai sauƙi na spectrophotometer wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don auna sararin samaniya na stratospheric a saman duniya. Tsakanin 1928 zuwa 1958, Dobson ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta tashoshin sa ido na ozone da ke aiki a yau. Ƙungiyar Dobsonian ita ce ma'auni na adadin ozone, wanda ke ɗauke da sunansa.
Muhimmancin yanayi
Yanayin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare duniya da rayuwa. Yawansa yana jujjuya ko rage sifar radiation na lantarki daga sararin samaniya, da kuma meteorites da abubuwan da za su iya afkawa samansa, mafi yawansu suna narkewa yayin shiga saboda gogayya da iskar gas.
A daya hannun kuma, ozone Layer (ozone Layer) yana cikin stratosphere, tarin wannan iskar gas. yana hana hasken rana kai tsaye shiga saman duniya, don haka kiyaye yanayin zafin duniya. A lokaci guda kuma, yawan iskar gas yana hana zafi yaduwa cikin sauri ta sararin samaniya, wanda aka sani da "sakamako na greenhouse".
A karshe, yanayin yana dauke da iskar gas da ake bukata don rayuwa kamar yadda muka san shi kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dawwamar da yanayin ruwa na turbaya, takudi da hazo.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene yanayi da halayensa.