Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da makamashi dangane da irin man da muke amfani da shi da wuri ko hanyar da muke amfani da ita. Ana kuma kiran shuke-shuke masu amfani da wutar lantarki waɗanda suke amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki. Mutane da yawa ba su san da kyau ba menene injin wutar lantarki.
A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku abin da ma'anar wutar lantarki ta thermal take, menene halayenta da yadda suke samar da makamashin lantarki.
Mene ne tashar wutar lantarki ta thermal
Na'urorin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun, wanda aka fi sani da tsire-tsire masu zafi na yau da kullun, suna amfani da ƙarancin burbushin halittu (gas na ƙasa, gawayi ko mai) don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar zagayen tururin ruwa. Ana amfani da kalmar "al'ada" don rarrabe su da sauran tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki, kamar su zagayowar haɗuwa ko tashoshin makamashin nukiliya. Tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya na gargajiya yana da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda zasu iya sauya burbushin mai zuwa wutar lantarki. Babban kayan aikin sa sune:
- Tukunyar jirgi: Sararin samaniya wanda ke canza ruwa zuwa tururi ta hanyar shan mai. A wannan tsari, makamashin sinadarai ya juye zuwa makamashin zafin jiki.
- Ilsungiyoyi: bututu wanda ruwa ke zagayawa ya zama tururi. Tsakanin su, musayar zafin rana na faruwa tsakanin iskar gas da ruwa.
- Steam injin turbin: Injin da ke tattara tururin ruwa, saboda hadadden tsarin matsi da zafin jiki, axis din da yake wucewa dashi yana motsawa. Wannan nau'in injin turbin yawanci yana da jiki da yawa, matsin lamba, matsakaiciyar matsakaici da kuma matsin lamba don yin amfani da yawancin tururin ruwan.
- Mai Ganawa: Na'urar da ke tattara kuzarin inji wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar amfani da lantarki. Ginin wutar yana canza makamashin inji na shaft zuwa kashi uku mai canzawa halin yanzu. An haɗa janareta da shafuka waɗanda ke ratsawa ta jiki daban-daban.
Aikin wutar lantarki mai amfani da wuta
A wata masana'antar samarda wutar lantarki ta gargajiya, ana kona mai a tukunyar jirgi don samar da makamashin zafin da zai dumama ruwa, wanda aka maida shi tururi a matsin lamba. Wannan tururin sai ya zama babban injin turbin, wanda ke canza makamashin zafin jiki zuwa makamashin inji, wanda Daga nan aka canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki a cikin wani mai sauyawa. Wutar lantarki tana ratsawa ta hanyar tiran wuta wanda ke kara karfin wutansa kuma yake bashi damar watsawa, hakan yana rage asara sakamakon tasirin Joule. Ana tura tururin da ya bar injin turbin ɗin zuwa mai sarrafawa, inda aka juye shi zuwa ruwa sannan a mayar da shi tukunyar jirgi don fara sabon zagayen samar da tururin.
Duk irin man da kuke amfani da shi, aikin injin wutar lantarki na gargajiya iri daya ne. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin tsarin samar da mai da ƙirar mai tukunyar jirgi.
Sabili da haka, idan tashar wutar lantarki ta fara aiki akan kwal, dole ne a baya a murƙushe mai. A cikin masana'antar mai mai yana da dumi, yayin da a cikin iskar gas gas ɗin mai zuwa kai tsaye ta bututun mai, don haka babu buƙatar pre-ajiya. Game da na'urar haɗawa, ana amfani da magani mai dacewa akan kowane mai.
Tasirin muhalli
Tsirrai masu amfani da wutar lantarki mai amfani da zafi suna shafar yanayi ta manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: fitowar shara a cikin yanayi da kuma ta hanyar canja wurin zafi. A yanayi na farko, kona burbushin halittar zai samar da wasu sinadarai wadanda daga karshe zasu shiga sararin samaniya, wadanda zasu iya lalata yanayin Duniya. A saboda wannan dalili, waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna da hayaki mai tsayi wanda zai iya watsa waɗannan ƙwayoyin kuma a cikin gida ya rage tasirinsu mara kyau akan iska. Kari akan haka, shuke-shuke masu amfani da wutar lantarki na gargajiya suna da matatun matattara, wadanda zasu iya kama mafi yawansu su kuma hana su gudu a waje.
Dangane da canja wurin zafi, shuke-shuke masu buɗe ido na iya haifar da koguna da tekuna suyi zafi. An yi sa'a, ana iya warware wannan tasirin ta amfani da na'urar sanyaya daki don sanyaya ruwa zuwa yanayin zafin da ya dace da yanayin.
Tsaran wutar lantarki yana samar da nau'ikan abubuwa masu haɗari na zahiri da na kemikal, waɗanda ke da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Ana bayyana illoli a jikin mutum a cikin gajere, matsakaici da kuma dogon lokaci, haɓakawa da sakin sakamakon gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu. Mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam na iya haɗawa da nau'o'in cututtuka daban-daban, daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani da barazanar rai. Waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan gurɓata:
- Magunguna na jiki: Gurbatattun abubuwan gurɓataccen yanayi da amon da ayyukan ke haifarwa na iya haifar da canje-canje a jikin mutum, wanda shine na biyu ga katsewar yanayin ƙirar ƙirar bacci. Magungunan electromagnetic, wato, keɓaɓɓiyar kwayar halitta ta hanyar samu da rarraba wutar lantarki, galibi yana samar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin juyayi da na zuciya.
- Masu gurɓatar sinadarai: CO2, CO, SO2, barbashi, ozone, kara yawan cututtukan numfashi da na jijiyoyin jini, da rage karfin garkuwar mu, sinadarai masu hadari (daga arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, phosphorus, benzene .
Steam wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu amfani da tururi ta amfani da ruwa ko wani ruwa, wanda yake a matakai biyu daban-daban a cikin zagayen aiki, gabaɗaya a cikin tururi da ruwa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fasaha mai mahimmanci ita ma ta shahara, wanda ba ya haifar da abin da ake kira sauyin lokaci, wanda shine halayyar waɗannan shigarwa a da.
Wadannan tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki za a iya raba su zuwa sassa da yawa: layukan wutar lantarki, masu samar da tururi, injinan tururi da masu hada ruwa. Kodayake ma'anar tashar wutar lantarki tana da tsauraran matakai, daban-daban na thermal hawan keke za a iya lura cewa hadu da wadannan bukatuns, musamman wadanda suka fi kowa sune zagayen Rankine da kuma zagayen Hirn.
Kafin shiga tukunyar jirgi, ruwan abincin yana wucewa ta matakin preheating da matsewa. A hakikanin gaskiya, lokacin shiga tukunyar jirgi, akwai masu tara dumama da yawa, ma'ana, masu musayar zafin, a inda tururin da aka faɗaɗa sashi ko kuma cika preheats ɗin mai aiki. Wannan yana bawa yanayin zafi mai girma damar shiga janareto na tururi, don haka kara ingancin shuka.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya samun karin bayani game da menene wutar lantarki mai amfani da yanayin zafi da halayenta.