A yau zamuyi magana ne game da wata kwayar halitta mai mahimmanci. Game da shi finafinai. Bomopore ana kiransa buɗewar bishiyar tsire-tsire na archenteron. Wannan archenteron shine ramin amfrayo wanda ke samar da blastula kuma wannan yana cikin hulɗa da waje. Mahimmancin fashewar abubuwa suna rayuwa a cikin wannan godiyar gare shi baki da dubura ta dabba.
Sabili da haka, zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da fashewa, halaye da mahimmancin sa.
Menene fashewa
Shine budewa wanda bakin da dubura ta dabba ta samo asali. Yayin samuwar amfrayo, sifofin kwayar halitta 3 masu tasowa wadanda ake kira ectoderm, mesoderm da endoderm. Tsarin samuwar amfrayo sananne ne da sunan ciki. Yawan kwayoyin halittar da suke juyawa daga sandar shuka zuwa sandar dabbobi. A cikin wannan ƙaura ne suke ƙirƙirar fashewar sannan kuma manyan matakan da muka ambata. Bayyanar ko a'a arquénteron da blastopore zai dogara ne kacokam kan nau'in blastula da yanayin tsarin gastrulation.
Lokacin da motsi zai kasance ta hanyar tunani, ƙwayoyin da ke cikin epiblast da hypoblast suna zuwa ramin gaba ɗaya. An san wannan rami da sunan blastocele. Daga nan ne kuma sabon fili a jiki yake samar da archenteron, wanda daga nan hanjin yake haihuwa. Yana cikin wannan tsarin ne inda fashewar fashewar iska take kuma a gefen kishiyar bakin.
Juyin Halitta da cigaba
Dabbobi sun haɓaka cikin tarihi kuma sun haɓaka haɓaka mafi girma don samun damar rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Rarraba Holoblastic yana haifar daga kwayoyin ectodermal Layin amfrayo na biyu da aka sani da endoderm. Mafi zurfin layin da ke iyakance tsarin narkewar abincin dabba shi ne wanda aka toshi tsakanin ectoderm da endoderm. Anan ne mesoderm yake.
Hakanan yakamata ku sani cewa akwai dabbobin da suke da dabba da dabba kwaya-kwaya. Yawancin lokaci shine dabbobi mafi sauki kamar su soso. Samuwar zinare na blastopore na kwayoyin halittar masarautar dabba ya dogara da tsarin samuwar amfaninta. Ana iya gano fashewar fashewar a sauƙaƙe a cikin cnidarians. Wannan samuwar na faruwa ne bayan fashewar abu ya samu. Zai iya haɓaka ta tunani ko ƙyama.
Lokacin da gastrulation ya faru da epibolia, an haifar da blastopore a sandar ciyayi. A lokacin ne lokacin da ƙwayoyin da suke jikin sandar dabbobi suka fara yawaita sosai. Suna yin hakan ta hanyar da zasu iya rungumar macromers na gwaiduwa. Idan aiwatar da tsarin tsarin tsarin amfrayo ba tare da izini ba, kawai matakan embryonic biyu ake samu. Anan shiga cikin rukunin dabbobin da muka ambata wadanda ake kira da diblastics wadanda kawai suke da endoderm da ectoderm.
Cnidarians ya faɗa cikin ƙungiyar diblastics. Saboda lalacewa ko Inglawa, ba a haifar da blastopore ba. Gaskiyar cewa kason mitotic yana faruwa da wuri tun amfrayo ya dogara da yawan abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikin kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halittar kwayar halitta ta mace.
Aiki da mahimmancin fashewar abubuwa
Zamu nuna menene muhimmin aikin da blastopore yake dashi a rayayyun halittu. Suna samuwa ne yayin da suke matakin farko na cigaban kwayar halitta. Anan ga yanayin gastrulation lokacin da bambancin kwayar halitta ya fara farawa. Yana cika aikin rashin jin daɗi a bayan amfrayo kuma kasancewa mai tsara tsari. Aikin cewa yana da blastopore ana iya furta shi a bakin ƙwayoyin cuta kamar mollusks, dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye.
A wani bangaren kuma, a cikin dabbobi masu saurin tashin hankali blastopore ya fara haifar da samuwar dubura sannan bakin. A ƙarshe, oda ya bambanta idan sun kasance masu ladabi ko deuterostomes. Blastopore shine ke da alhakin sadar da rafin amfrayo tare da duniyar waje. Daga yanayin fashewar jirgin sama, wadancan bangarorin biyu ko kwayoyin halitta masu rikitarwa za a iya kasafta su da tabbaci mafi girma. Muna tuna cewa masu tayar da hankali sune waɗanda ke da tserewa da yawa a cikin Vienna: ectoderm, endoderm da mesoderm. Ta hanyar gargajiya, an tattara wadannan dabbobin bisa ga rashi ko rashi ramuka na gaba daya a cikin jiki. A wannan halin, zamu ga cewa, an riga an kona mana riga.
Kullum ana rarrabe ladabi zuwa manyan maganganu guda biyu waɗanda sune Ecdisozoa da Lofotrocozoa. Na farkon su ne wadanda ke zubar da cutan su lokaci-lokaci kuma na karshen suna da alamun tsutsar trochophore.
Makomar blastopore ya dogara da hulɗar kayan kyallen mahaifar. Dangane da amphibians, leɓon bayan jini na blastopore halayya ce kuma daga gareshi ne ake aika dukkan siginar zuwa sabbin ƙwayoyin. A cikin rukuni na dabbobi masu cin nasara bakin yana samo asali ne daga gefen da yake gaban ƙira. A gefe guda, a cikin tsatson zuriya, ana samun bakin daga buɗewa ta biyu bayan ci gaba.
Protostomes da deuterostomes
Budewa a cikin archwire ya zama bakin a cikin hanyoyin talla da dubura a cikin deuterostomes. Dukansu karshen su ne. Rabon wannan bututun shine yake samarda coelom kuma makomar blastopore shine wanda yake nuni da cigaban dabbobi da kuma sifar su. A cikin ladabi rabe-raben bututun yana karkace kuma a cikin deuterostomes ba shi da iyaka. Wannan kuma yana da alaƙa da daidaituwar kwayar halitta. A cikin alaƙar juna da juna mun sami kwayoyin halitta tare da sassan jikin mutum biyu.
A cikin dabbobin talla coelom yana samuwa ne ta hanyar rarraba daskararrun mutane na mesoderm. Ana ma san mesoderm da sunan schizocelia. A cikin nau'i-nau'i yana haɓakawa ta hanyar ɓarkewar arquenteron yayin aiwatar da haɓakar amfrayon halitta.
A cikin rukuni na ladabi mun sami nematodes da arthropods, mollusks, annelids da flatworms. Echinoderms kamar taurari da urchins na teku sune deuterostomes.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da blastoporo da aikin sa.