A cikin duniyar robobi akwai nau'ikan kayan roba daban -daban. Ofaya daga cikinsu shine PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate). Yana cikin rukunin polyesters kuma shine nau'in filastik ɗin da aka samo daga man fetur. Mutane da yawa ba su sani ba menene PET. Masana kimiyyar Burtaniya Whinfield da Dickson ne suka gano shi, a cikin 1941, waɗanda suka ba da izini a matsayin polymer don kera zaruruwa. Yana da amfani sosai a yau.
Don haka, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku menene PET, menene halayensa da abin da ake amfani da shi.
Menene PET
Wannan kayan yana da halaye masu zuwa, waɗanda suka mai da shi mai amfani kuma mai kyau don gini:
- Ana iya sarrafawa ta hanyar busawa, allura, extrusion. Ya dace da samar da kwalba, kwalabe, fina -finai, foils, faranti da sassa.
- Gaskiya da sheki tare da tasirin girma.
- Excellent inji Properties.
- Gas shinge.
- Bio-orientable-crystallizable.
- Sterilizable ta gamma da ethylene oxide.
- Kudin / aiki.
- An sanya # 1 a sake amfani.
- Mara nauyi
Hasara da fa'ida
Kamar duk kayan, akwai kuma wasu rashin amfani akan PET. Bushewa yana daga cikin manyan illolin sa. Dole ne a bushe duk polyester don guje wa asarar kadarori. Danshi na polymer lokacin shigar da aikin dole ne ya zama mafi girman 0.005%. Kudin kayan aiki shima hasara ne, kamar yadda zazzabi yake. Biologically daidaitacce allura busa gyaren kayan aiki wakiltar mai kyau payback dangane taro samar. A cikin gyare -gyaren busawa da fitarwa, ana iya amfani da kayan aikin PVC na yau da kullun, wanda ke da ƙari don samar da girma dabam da sifofi daban -daban.
Lokacin da zazzabi ya wuce digiri 70, polyester ba zai iya kula da kyakkyawan aiki ba. An inganta ta hanyar gyara kayan aiki don ba da damar cika zafi. Crystalline (opaque) PET yana da juriya mai kyau, har zuwa 230 ° C. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da waje na dindindin ba.
Yanzu za mu bincika menene fa'idodinsa: muna da kaddarori na musamman, wadataccen wadata da babban sake amfani. Daga cikin kyawawan kaddarorin sa muna da tsabta, mai sheki, nuna gaskiya, katange kaddarorin ga gas ko aromas, ikon tasiri, thermoformability, mai sauƙin bugawa tare da tawada, yana ba da damar dafa microwave.
Farashin PET ya canza ƙasa da sauran polymers kamar PVC-PP-LDPE-GPPS a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata. A yau, ana samar da PET a Arewaci da Kudancin Amurka, Turai, Asiya, da Afirka ta Kudu. Ana iya sake yin PET don samar da wani abu da ake kira RPET. Abin takaici, saboda yanayin zafi da ke cikin aikin, ba za a iya amfani da RPET don samar da fakiti a masana'antar abinci ba.
Abubuwan da ke amfani da PET
Akwai abubuwa daban -daban da aka yi daga polyethylene terephthalate ko PET. Abubuwan da ke biyowa sune wasu abubuwa da kayan da aka yi tare da wannan thermoplastic mai sake buɗewa:
- Kwantena na filastik da kwalabe. Ana amfani da Thermoplastics sosai wajen samar da kwantena ko abubuwan sha, kamar abubuwan sha da kwalban ruwa. Saboda kaurinsa da taurinsa, ya zama abu don amfanin yau da kullun a cikin masana'antar. Kodayake yana shafar gaskiyar cewa ana iya sake sarrafa shi gabaɗaya, ana auna gaskiyar cewa yana taimakawa yin wasu kwalaben filastik da kwantena da yawa.
- Masara daban -daban. PET Wani nau'in filastik ne da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar yadi don yin sutura daban -daban. A zahiri, yana da kyau a maye gurbin lilin ko ma auduga.
- Fim ko fim na daukar hoto. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan polymer ɗin filastik don yin fina -finai na hoto daban -daban. Kodayake, shima yana da fa'ida sosai don ƙirƙirar ainihin rubutun bugun X-ray.
- Injin da aka yi. A yau, ana amfani da polyethylene terephthalate don kera injinan siyarwa daban -daban da injin arcade.
- Ayyukan haske. Ana amfani da shi don yin fitilun zane daban -daban. A zahiri, PET ya tabbatar da kasancewa ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan ƙira a cikin ƙirar haske, na waje ne ko na ciki.
- Sauran abubuwan talla. Misali, hotuna ko alamomi don sadarwar gani. Hakazalika, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman ingantaccen kayan don ƙirƙirar nuni a cikin shagunan da nune -nune na kasuwanci daban -daban.
- Nuna gaskiya da sassauci: Saboda waɗannan halaye guda biyu, masu amfani za su iya gani a cikin abin da suka saya kuma masana'antun suna da damar nunawa da yawa.
Kunshin PET mai dorewa
Akwai wasu manyan dalilan da yasa ake ɗaukar fakitin PET mafi dacewa da muhalli. Wadannan sune dalilan:
Rage amfani da makamashi da albarkatu don kera ta
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, haɓaka fasaha ya rage albarkatun da ake buƙata don kera fakitin PET da ma an rage yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da su a masana'antar. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaukowarsa yana nufin cewa za a rage farashi da tasirin muhalli yayin sufuri, saboda akwai ƙarancin sama.
Yawancin bincike sun kuma nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan, fakitin PET yana rage sawun carbon ta hanyar samar da ƙarancin datti da ƙarancin amfani da kayan aikin samarwa.
Kyakkyawan sake amfani
Gabaɗaya an yi imanin cewa kwantena na PET kawai za a iya sake sarrafa su 'yan lokuta kaɗan, gaskiyar ita ce abu ne wanda za a iya sake sarrafa shi har abada idan an aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin sake amfani, dangane da manufar da za a yi amfani da ita.
A halin yanzu, PET shine filayen da aka sake yin amfani da su a duniyaA zahiri, a cikin Spain, ana amfani da 44% na marufi a kasuwa don amfani na biyu. Dole ne a ƙara kashi zuwa 55% a cikin 2025 don biyan dabarun tattalin arzikin madauwari wanda Hukumar Turai ta amince.
Baya ga sake amfani da shi azaman kayan abinci, ana amfani da PET da aka sake yin amfani da shi a masana'antun ƙera, kera motoci da kayan kwalliya. Hakanan yana da tsaro ta amfani da kwantena na PET da aka sake amfani da su a cikin abinci da abin sha. Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai ta ba da tabbacin cewa abu ne mai aminci, kuma ana amfani da shi don kasuwanci da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa dangane da PET da aka sake amfani da shi a cikin ruwa da abin sha mai laushi a Spain ta Royal Decree 517/2013 ya ba da izinin hakan kwantena na ƙarshe dole ne ya ƙunshi aƙalla 50% budurwa PET.
Don haka, zamu iya yanke shawarar cewa kwantena na PET suna da aminci da dorewa ga muhalli, ba wai saboda yawan yuwuwar sake sarrafa su ba, har ma saboda ƙarfin kuzarin su a cikin masana'antar. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene PET da halayen sa.