Hydropower daga tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi sune farkon tushen sabuntawa a duniya. A halin yanzu da arfin wuta ya wuce 1.000 GW kuma samarwa a shekarar 2014 ya kai 1.437 TWh, wanda ya samar da kashi 14% na samar da wutar lantarki a duniya bisa ga bayanai daga Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA).
Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga ƙididdigar wannan hukumar, wutar lantarki za ta ci gaba da haɓaka cikin ƙima har sai ta ninka ikonta na yanzu wuce 2.000 GW na wutar lantarki a 2050.
Hydroelectric power
Hydropower yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan yawancin hanyoyin ƙarfin lantarki, gami da babban matakin aminci, tabbatar da fasaha da ingantaccen aiki, mafi ƙarancin aiki da tsadar kulawa.
Hydropower shine babban tushen sabuntawa, tunda ya ninka na iska ninki uku, wanda, tare da 350 GW, shine tushe na biyu. Gudummawar wannan fasaha a cikin recentan shekarun nan sun samar da wutar lantarki fiye da sauran sabunta kuzari tare. Kuma damar haɓaka wannan fasaha tana da girma, musamman a Afirka, Asiya da Latin Amurka. Taswirar hanyar ta IEA ya yi hasashen cewa karfin shigar duniya zai ninka zuwa kusan 2.000 GW nan da shekarar 2050, tare da samar da wutar lantarki a duniya sama da TWh 7.000.
Bunkasar ƙarni masu amfani da wutan lantarki zai zo ne daga asali manyan ayyuka a cikin kasashe masu tasowa da kasashe masu tasowa. A cikin wadannan kasashe, manya da kanana ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na iya inganta hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki, da rage talauci a yawancin sassan duniya, inda wutar lantarki da ruwan sha ba su kai ba.
Hydroelectric energy, wanda aka samu ta hanyar amfani da kuzari mai karfi da kuma karfin ruwa da faduwar ruwa, yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin kafofin sabuntawa kuma duniya tayi amfani dashi dan samun makamashi. China a yau ita ce kasar da ta fi kowacce samar da makamashin lantarki a duniya, sai Brazil, Canada, Amurka da Rasha, kasashen da ke da manyan cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya.
Nan gaba zamu ga saman 5 na tsirrai masu amfani da ruwa
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gorges Uku
Ginin aikin ya buƙaci saka hannun jari na euro miliyan 18.000. Wannan katafaren ginin an fara shi a shekarar 1993 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2012. Dam din yana da Tsayin mita 181 da tsawon mita 2.335, an gudanar da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Gorges Uku, tare da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta haɗu da turbin 32 na 700 MW kowannensu, da kuma injuna biyu masu samar da MW 50. A halin yanzu, samar da makamashi a shekara-shekara ya kafa tarihin duniya a cikin 2014 tare da 98,8 TWh, wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga larduna tara da birane biyu, gami da Shanghai.
Itaipu wutar lantarki
Tashoshin wutar lantarki na Itaipu, tare da damar da aka girka na 14.000 MW, shine na biyu mafi girma a duniya. Ginin yana kan Kogin Paraná, akan iyakar tsakanin Brazil da Paraguay. Jarin da aka yi a ginin masana'antar ya kai euro miliyan 15.000. An fara ayyukan ne a shekarar 1975 kuma an kammala su a 1982. Injiniyoyin haɗin gwiwar IECO tushensa a Amurka da ELC Wutar Lantarki wanda ke zaune a Italiya, ya aiwatar da aikin, yana farawa da samar da wutar lantarki daga masana'antar a cikin Mayu 1984.
Itaipu ta samar da wutar lantarki kusan 17,3% na amfani da makamashi a cikin Brazil da kashi 72,5% na ƙarfin da aka cinye a cikin Paraguay. Musamman, ya ƙunshi raka'a 20 da ke samar da ƙarfin 700 MW kowane.
Xiluodu tashar wutar lantarki
Wannan tashar wutar lantarki tana kan hanyar Kogin Jinsha, wani yanki ne na Kogin Yangtze a cikin babban hanyarta, yana tsakiyar lardin Sichuan, shi ne tashar wutar lantarki ta biyu mafi girma a China kuma ta uku mafi girma a duniya . Thearfin wutar da aka shigar na shuka ya kai MW 13.860 a ƙarshen 2014 lokacin da aka girke turbines na ƙarni biyu na ƙarshe. An ƙaddamar da aikin ta Kamfanin Gorges Uku kuma ana sa ran zai samar da TWh 64 na wutar lantarki a kowace shekara lokacin da ya fara aiki.
Aikin yana buƙatar saka hannun jari na 5.500 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai kuma an fara aikin ne a shekara ta 2005, an fara amfani da turbin farko a watan Yulin 2013. Shuka ta kunshi madaidaiciyar baka mai tsayi mai tsawon mita 285,5 da fadada mita 700, wanda hakan ya samar da wani tafki mai karfin ajiya na mita dubu 12.670. Kayan aikin, wanda injiniyoyin Voith suka kawo, sun kunshi janareto 18 na injin turbin wadanda suke da karfin 770 MW kowanne da kuma janareta mai sanyaya iska tare da fitowar 855,6 MVA.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Guri.
Gurin Guri, wanda aka fi sani da Simón Bolívar na samar da wutar lantarki, an sanya shi a matsayin ɗayan mafi girma a duniya, tare da shigar ƙarfin 10.235 MW. Kayan aikin suna kan Kogin Caroní, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Venezuela.
Ginin aikin ya fara ne a shekarar 1963 kuma an gudanar da shi ne a matakai biyu, na farko an kammala shi a shekarar 1978 sannan na biyu a shekarar 1986. Masana'antar tana da guda 20 na samar da injuna daban-daban wanda ya fara daga 130 MW zuwa 770 MW. Kamfanin Alstom an zaba ta hanyar kwangiloli biyu a 2007 da 2009 don gyara na 400 MW hudu da kuma 630 MW raka'a, kuma Andritz kuma ta sami kwangilar samar da injin turbin uku 770MW Francis a 2007. Bayan gyare-gyaren da aka yi a cikin kayan aikin zamani, masana'antar ta sami wutar lantarki samar da fiye da 12.900 GW / h.
Tucuruí wutar lantarki
Wannan dam din yana a cikin gindin Tocantins River, a cikin Tucuruí, na jihar Pará ne a cikin Brazil, an sanya shi a matsayin na biyar mafi girma a fannin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya tare da 8.370 MW. Da aikin gini, wanda ya buƙaci saka hannun jari na Euro miliyan 4.000, an fara shi a cikin 1975 tare da matakin farko da aka kammala a shekarar 1984, wanda ya ƙunshi madatsar ruwa mai ƙwanƙwasa tsawan mita 78 da tsawon mita 12.500, 12 na samar da na'urori masu ƙarfin 330MW kowanne. ɗaya da biyu unitsungiyoyin taimako na 25 MW.
Sashi na biyu ya kara sabuwar tashar wutar lantarki da aka fara a 1998 kuma aka kammala ta a karshen 2010, inda aka yi aikin girka rukunin zamani guda 11 masu karfin M370 MW kowanne. Injiniyoyin haɗin gwiwar da aka kafa ta Alstom, GE Hydro, Inepar-Fem da Odebrecht kawota da
kayan aiki don wannan lokaci. A halin yanzu, masana'antar tana ba da wutar lantarki ga garin Belém da yankin da ke kewaye da shi.