Tabbas kun taɓa jin labarin manufofin muhalli. Manufofin muhalli ba komai bane face damuwa da kuma bunkasa manufofin da ke taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin muhalli da kiyaye shi. Wadannan manufofin suna kokarin kiyaye albarkatun kasa domin inganta rayuwar dan adam ta hanyar gabatar da ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin birane. Manufofin muhalli suna aiki ne a bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye, ƙa'idodi, da fa'idodin manufofin muhalli.
Menene manufofin muhalli
Manufofin muhalli an rarraba su a cikin birane da cikin ƙasashe da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya. Don kafa wasu manufofi, dole ne a aiwatar da wasu ƙa'idodi. A fannin kamfanoni, zamu sami gabatarwar manufofin muhalli ta hanyar ISO 14001 ko EMAS takaddun shaida waxanda suke da tabbacin cewa kamfanin ya ha integrateda da tsarin kula da muhalli.
Wannan manufar ta muhalli da nufin inganta kula da muhalli yana taimakawa kiyaye albarkatun kasa da inganta ci gaba mai dorewa. Wannan yana ƙoƙarin yin ta ta hanyar kyakkyawan manufofin da gajere da kuma dogon lokaci. Ka tuna cewa maƙasudai na dogon lokaci sune waɗanda da gaske zasu haɓaka canje-canje masu mahimmanci. Manufofin gajere duk game da ƙananan matakai ne don cimma manyan manufofi. Hanya ce ta sa dukkan maaikata su himmatu kan lamuran muhalli.
Hakanan, ana iya bayyana wannan manufar ta muhalli azaman dabaru daban-daban waɗanda cibiyoyi daban-daban na ƙasa da na duniya ke aiwatarwa kuma ana amfani da dokokin muhalli daban-daban. Babban maƙasudin waɗannan ƙa'idodin shine don magance matsalolin muhalli waɗanda ke wanzu a duniya. Matsalolin muhalli kamar gurɓataccen yanayi, fitarwa marasa ƙarfi, lalacewar albarkatun ƙasa, haɓaka kuzarin sabuntawa, rage tasirin canjin yanayi, da sauransu.
Ana amfani da wannan manufar ta muhalli a duk duniya kuma an kafa jagororin da za a bi. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana da hukuma wacce ta kware wajen kafa wadannan jagororin lura. Babban aikin wannan rukunin na musamman shine iko inganta haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa kan al'amuran da suka shafi muhalli. Babban aikin shine iya kimanta yanayin muhalli a shiyya, matakin kasa da kuma bunkasa dabarun aiki daban-daban. Ofayan waɗannan shirye-shiryen shine UNEP.
Mahimmancin wannan shirin shine wanda ya ƙunsa dokar kare muhalli don samun damar aiwatar da wasu manufofi tare da dabi'ar ɗaurewa. Wannan dokar kare muhalli ita ce ke da alhakin samar da dokoki da karfafa cibiyoyi don kyautata sarrafa albarkatun kasa da kiyaye muhalli.
Manufofin muhalli a matakin Turai
Manufofin Tarayyar Turai game da muhalli sun fi mai da hankali ne kan inganta tattalin arzikin da ke kirkirar kirkire-kirkire tare da inganta albarkatun kasa. Misali na inganta tattalin arziƙin kirkire-kirkire da kare muhalli shine Yunƙurin ƙarfin kuzari. Hakanan yana ƙoƙari don kare halittu masu yawa da rage haɗarin muhalli ga lafiyar mutane wanda ya fito daga mahalli. Ta wannan hanyar, an yi ƙoƙari don samun ci gaba ta hanyar sake amfani da albarkatun ƙasa.
Duk manufofin muhalli a matakin Turai suna cikin a Yarjejeniyar kan Aikin Tarayyar Turai. Aya daga cikin mahimman maganganu a cikin wannan yarjejeniyar ita ce labarin 191, wanda ke taƙaita ƙa'idar rigakafin muhalli na ayyukan ƙazanta: wanda ya gurbata, ya biya.
Ka'idodin manufofin muhalli
Manufofin muhalli suna da wasu ka'idoji wadanda aka kafa tare da manufar aiwatar da ci gaba mai dorewa, cimma manufofin tsabtace muhalli, tsabtace muhalli da kuma bunkasa tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci. Waɗannan su ne ka'idodi:
- Ka'idar aikin kula da muhalli. Mabuɗin wannan ƙa'idar ita ce, duk muna iya inganta yanayinmu ta hanyar yin ayyuka da gabatar da halaye masu kyau ga mahalli.
- Tsarin rigakafi: Rigakafin ya fi magani. Wannan ya shafi lokacin kafa jagororin masana'antu da ayyukan tattalin arziki wanda aka hana bala'o'in muhalli.
- Ka'idar sauyawa: ya dogara ne kan musayar abubuwa masu haɗari ga wasu waɗanda ba sa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu. Hakanan yana faruwa tare da matakan masana'antu waɗanda ke da yawan kuzari kuma suna ƙoƙarin canzawa don waɗanda suka dace.
- Ka'idar "gurbataccen mai biya" yana daya daga cikin mafi kyau don hana lalacewar muhalli.
- Ka'idar daidaituwa: Aa'ida ce wacce ke buƙatar daidaituwa da sauran manufofin muhalli na sassa daban-daban na kamfani. Wajibi ne cewa dukkan manufofin sassan daban-daban suna da haɗuwa tare da batun muhalli.
- Ka'idar hadin gwiwa: Don ƙa'idar haɗin kai don yin ma'ana, ya zama dole a yi amfani da abin da aka haɗa gabaɗaya dangane da mahalli da sauran sassan. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa suyi aiki tare da manufar haɓaka muhalli da haɓaka tattalin arziki.
- Manufofin muhalli ya kamata koyaushe a dogara da sakamakon binciken kimiyya. Wadannan binciken dole ne su kasance na yau da kullun kuma su kasance cikakke.
Misalan manufofin muhalli
Manufofin muhalli wani abu ne wanda dole ne ya kasance a cikin dukkan kamfanoni. Kodayake su ƙananan kamfanoni ne zuwa manyan ƙasashe, manufofin muhalli dole ne su kasance masu aiki da canzawa. Akwai adadi mai yawa na bangarorin da za a iya gyara don haɗawa da manufofi dangane da kariya da inganta yanayin. Bari mu ga wasu misalai:
- Gyara motocin hawa na motocin lantarki ko kekuna.
- Maimaita takarda da ake amfani da ita kuma tana amfani da takarda da aka sake yin fa'ida.
- Kafa jagorori yayin buga takardu. Buga kawai waɗanda ke da tsananin buƙata.
- Horar da, sadarwa da ilimantar da dukkan ma'aikata don haka yi amfani da ka'idojin ayyukan lalataccen yanayi.
- Aiwatar da inganta ayyukan yanayin ƙasa na kamfanin.
- Rage tasirin muhalli ta hanyar ingancin makamashi. Ana iya yin hakan rage adadin a amfani da kwandishan, dumama, wutar lantarki da ruwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da manufofin muhalli.