Makamashi mai guba

konewa da makamashi mai guba

Daga cikin nau'ikan kuzarin da ke akwai, muna da makamashin sinadarai. Shine wanda yake ƙunshe ko yake faruwa ta hanyar halayen kemikal tsakanin ƙwayoyin mahaɗan ɗaya ko fiye. Energyarfin cikin ne wanda jiki yake mallaka bisa nau'ikan haɗin da yake dashi wanda yake faruwa tsakanin abubuwan da yake dasu. Wannan makamashi za'a iya auna shi gwargwadon adadin da za'a iya fitarwa daga halayen sinadarai tsakanin su.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da makamashin sunadarai da mahimmancinsa.

Babban fasali

makamashin sinadarai

Energyarfin sinadarai koyaushe yana haɗuwa da kwayar halitta, lokacin da haɗin sunadarai na atoms da molecules waɗanda suke yin kwayar halitta ta canza, makamashin sunadarai ya bayyana. Wannan na iya faruwa a gaban tushen zafi ko wani abu wanda aka musanya tare da ƙwayoyin, samarwa gabaɗaya zafi, haske, ko wasu nau'ikan makamashi da aka samu daga aikin.

Sabili da haka, kuzarin makamashi wani nau'i ne na ƙarfin kuzarin da ke ƙunshe cikin abubuwan sunadarai. Da zarar waɗannan abubuwan sun shiga cikin aikin, za a canza su zuwa wasu nau'ikan makamashi masu amfani. Don haka, alal misali, tsarin konewar mai da sauran burbushin halittun yana aiki.

Amfani da wannan nau'ikan kuzari na iya zama sabon abu a tarihin ɗan adam, amma ba a cikin tarihin duniya ba: tun zamanin da, rayuwa tayi amfani da matakai na neman kuzari kamar su photosynthesis da hada sinadarai don amfani da karfin sunadaran kwayoyin abubuwa. Misali, mai yana canza makamashin sinadarai zuwa kuzarin jijiyoyin kai lokacin amfani dashi a cikin motsin motsi.

Dangane da dokar kiyaye makamashi, makamashi na iya canzawa, amma ba za'a iya kirkireshi ko lalata shi ba. Bugu da ƙari, makamashi mai guba wani nau'i ne na ƙarfin kuzari wanda ake amfani dashi don canzawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan makamashi waɗanda ke da aikace-aikace a cikin rayuwar ɗan adam, kamar su makamashin haske, makamashi mai zafi, ƙarfin kuzari, da sauransu, don yin aiki.

Fa'idodi da rashin amfani makamashi mai guba

Wannan nau'in makamashi ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antu da samarwa tunda yana da wasu fa'idodi. Bari mu ga menene fa'idodi daban-daban na makamashin sunadarai:

  • Yana da kyakkyawan aiki: Godiya ga babban aikin sa, ba a buƙatar yawancin makamashi mai guba don samun kuzari daga ƙwayoyin sa.
  • Ba ka damar gyara al'amarin: Hanyoyin sunadarai da ke gudana don samar da wannan nau'in makamashi na iya samar da nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta daban-daban wanda a yawancin lokuta ana iya amfani da su don samun sabbin abubuwa.
  • Yana ba da damar sake amfani da amfani da kayan sharar gida: alal misali, bioethanol da sauran man shuke-shuke an kirkiresu ne daga kwayoyin halitta wanda ba tare da amfani da wannan nau'in makamashi ba zai rube mara amfani.

Lura cewa akwai wasu rashin amfani ga irin wannan kuzarin. Bari mu ga menene fa'idodi daban-daban na makamashin sunadarai:

  • Yana da samfura: Waɗannan kayayyaki ne waɗanda zasu iya zama abubuwa masu ƙazantarwa kamar su ƙarancin burbushin halittu, wanda yayin amfani da su ke haifar da iskar gas mai guba cikin yanayi da gurɓatawa.
  • Suna buƙatar bayanai na yau da kullun: dole ne mu tuna cewa don aiwatar da sinadarai dole ne ya kasance yana amfani da konewa na ƙwayoyin halitta don ciyar da sinadaran a kowane lokaci.

Chemical makamashi na abinci

glucose a cikin abinci

Abincin da muke ci a kowace rana misali ne mai kyau na makamashi da amfani da shi. Waɗannan abinci suna ɗauke da abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda suka dace don samar da ƙarfi ga jikinmu, kamar dai man fetur ne na injunan mota.

Wadannan abubuwa sunadaran sun lalace a jikin mu dan samun sinadarin glucose, wanda yake yin aiki da iska a yayin numfashi na salula kuma yana fitar da zafi mai yawa ta hanyar adadin kuzari don kula da ayyukan jiki. Glucosearin glucose mai yawa ya juya zuwa mai wanda ke aiki azaman ajiyar buƙatu na gaba. Wannan nau'ikan amfani da makamashin sunadarai ne glucose don samar da makamashin inji wanda muke amfani dashi don motsawa, magana, tsayawa, gudu, da dai sauransu Hakanan suna aiki don haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki wanda ƙananan ƙwayoyi ke amfani da shi kuma yana ba mu damar tunani.

Ire-iren makamashin sunadarai

Akwai 6 na asali iri dauki:

  • Konewa: Ana amfani dashi don samun babban ɓangaren makamashi wanda motoci da wutar lantarki suke aiki dashi.
  • Kira: Energyarfi ne ake bayarwa lokacin da abubuwa biyu masu sauƙi suka haɗu don ƙirƙirar mafi rikitarwa.
  • Sauƙaƙan sauƙi: kwayar zarra ta wani sinadarin an sauya ta zuwa wani sinadarin.
  • Sau biyu: ana musayar kwayoyin halittar abubuwa biyu da juna.
  • Bazuwar: wani hadadden abu ya zama abu mafi sauki.

Misalai

halayen sunadarai

Da zarar mun san menene makamashi mai guba kuma menene fa'idodi da rashin fa'idarsa, yanzu lokaci yayi da zamu ga wasu misalan da suka fi dacewa:

  • Man burbushin halittu: fetur, dizal da mai mai sun fi yawa a nan. Dukkanin su suna da jerin kwayoyi wadanda suka hadu akan iskar carbon da hydrogen wadanda za a iya karya igiyoyinsu a gaban iskar oxygen don sakin makamashi mai yawa. Wannan an san shi da konewa.
  • Abinci: Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, abincin da muke ci yana da gulukos din da ke ciki wanda zai iya yin asara a jikinmu. Ta hanyar fasa hanyoyin da zamu iya samun nauyin kalori don kula da kuzarin jiki.
  • Tsarin rayuwa: Mun sani cewa akwai wasu halittu masu rai wadanda suke da ikon samar da haske tare da jikinsu don rayuwa. Misali, muna da kifin lanternfish wanda ake samu a cikin zurfin tekuna kuma yana buƙatar wannan tsarin rayuwa don samun damar jawo hankalin abincinsu. Wannan makamashin haske ya fito ne daga makamashin sinadarai wanda jikinku yake adana shi a cikin alaƙar symbiont da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta.
  • Sararin samaniya: rokoki da ke kula da tafiya zuwa sararin samaniya don nazarin aikin sararin samaniya ta hanyar tasirin sinadaran sarrafawa tare da abubuwa daban-daban kamar hydrogen da iskar oxygen. Wadannan abubuwa suna canzawa zuwa yawan kuzarin karfi wadanda ake amfani dasu don matsar da roka.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da makamashin sunadarai da halayensa.


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