Duniyar kuzari da ake sabuntawa tana kara zama rashi a kasuwannin duniya saboda yawan gasa da yake daɗa haɓaka. Akwai nau'ikan kuzarin sabuntawa daban-daban (kamar yadda nake tsammanin duk mun sani) amma gaskiya ne cewa a cikin kuzarin sabuntawa, mun sami wasu "sanannun", kamar hasken rana da makamashin iska, da sauransu waɗanda ba a san su ba kamar makamashin geothermal kuma biomass.
A cikin wannan sakon zan yi magana game da duk abin da ya danganci makamashin da ke geothermal. Tun menene shi, yadda yake aiki da fa'idodi da rashin fa'idarsa a duniyar sabunta makamashi.
Menene makamashin geothermal?
Geothermal Energy wani nau'in sabuntawar makamashi ne wanda ya dogara da shi a cikin amfani da zafin rana wanda ke cikin ƙasan duniyar mu. Es decir, utilizar el calor de las capas internas de la Tierra y con él genera energía. Las energías renovables, normalmente, emplean los elementos externos como pueden ser el agua, el aire y la luz del sol. Sin embargo, la energía geotérmica es kadai wanda ya kubuta daga wannan al'ada ta zahiri.
Source: https://www.emaze.com/@ALRIIROR/Presentation-Name
Kuna gani, akwai ɗan tudu mai zurfin zurfin ƙasa da muka taka. Wato, zazzabin Duniyar zai karu yayin da muka sauka kuma muka kusanci duniyar Duniyar. Gaskiya ne cewa mafi zurfin karar da dan adam ya iya kaiwa bai wuce kilomita 12 ba a cikin zurfin, amma mun sani cewa dan tudu yana karuwa yanayin ƙasa tsakanin 2 ° C da 4 ° C a kowane mita 100 da muka sauka. Akwai wurare daban-daban na duniyar duniyar inda wannan ɗan tudu ya fi girma kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa ɓawon burodi na ƙasa ya fi siriri a wancan lokacin. Saboda haka, abubuwan da ke ciki na ciki (kamar su alkyabba, wacce tafi zafi) sun fi kusa da saman Duniya kuma suna samar da ƙarin zafi.
To, wannan ya ce wannan yana da kyau, amma a ina kuma ta yaya ake fitar da makamashi?
Madatsun ruwa na geothermal
Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, akwai yankuna na duniyar duniyar inda tudun zafin jiki a cikin zurfin ya fi sauran wurare bayyanuwa. Wannan yana haifar da cewa ƙwarewar makamashi da ƙarni na ƙarfi ta cikin zafin duniya na Duniya sun fi yawa.
Yawancin lokaci, yuwuwar samar da makamashi ya rage ƙarancin ƙarfin hasken rana (60 mW / m² don yanayin ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da 340 mW / m² don hasken rana). Koyaya, a wuraren da aka ambata inda ɗan tudu ya fi girma, ana kiran shi matattarar ruwa, yiwuwar samar da makamashi ya fi yawa (ya kai 200 mW / m²). Wannan babban damar samar da makamashi yana haifar da haɓakar zafi a cikin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda za'a iya amfani da su ta hanyar masana'antu.
Domin fitar da makamashi daga matattarar ruwa, ya zama dole a fara gudanar da binciken kasuwa mai inganci kasancewar kudin hakowa yana karuwa sosai da zurfin. Wato, yayin da muke zurfafa zurfafawa cikin ƙoƙari don cire zafi zuwa farfajiya yana ƙaruwa.
Daga cikin nau'ikan adana ilmin kimiyar kasa mun samu guda uku: ruwan zafi, bushewa da geysers
Ruwan zafi mai zafi
Akwai tafkunan ruwa mai zafi iri biyu: na tushe da na karkashin kasa. Za'a iya amfani da na farko azaman wanka na zafin jiki, a gauraya su kadan da ruwan sanyi domin samun damar yin wanka a ciki, amma yana da matsalar karancin kwararar ruwa.
A gefe guda kuma, muna da ramuka na karkashin kasa wadanda sune maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda suke cikin tsananin zafin jiki da zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in ruwan domin samun damar cire zafin nata na ciki. Zamu iya zagaya ruwan zafi ta hanyar fanfunan mu domin cin gajiyar zafinta.
Ta yaya ake aiwatar da amfani da tafkunan ruwan zafi? Don cin gajiyar makamashin ruwan zafin, dole ne ayi amfani da yawan rijiyoyi, ta yadda za a samu kowane rijiyoyin biyu ruwan zafi kuma ana mayar da shi ta hanyar allura zuwa cikin akwatin bayan sanyaya ƙasa. Wannan nau'in amfani da shi yana halin pko kusan lokacin da ba shi da iyaka a cikin lokaci tunda yiwuwar wahalar gajiyar waccan matattarar ta kusan ba ta da komai, tunda an sake yin ruwan allurar a cikin akwatin. Ruwan yana kula da gudana koyaushe kuma adadin ruwa bai canza ba, saboda haka ba mu rage ruwan da ke akwai a cikin akwatin ba, amma muna amfani da ƙarfinsa na calorific don dumama da sauransu. Hakanan yana da babbar fa'ida a cikin cewa mun ga cewa babu wani nau'in gurɓacewa tunda rufin rufin rufin yana ba da izinin malalo.
Dogaro da yanayin zafin da muke samun ruwan a cikin tafkin, makamashin da ke cikin ƙasa da ake hakowa zai sami ayyuka daban-daban:
Ruwan zafi a yanayin zafi mai yawa
Mun sami ruwa da yanayin zafi na har zuwa 400 ° C kuma ana yin tururi a saman. Ta hanyar injin turbin da mai sauyawa, ana iya samar da makamashin lantarki da rarraba shi zuwa garuruwa ta hanyoyin sadarwa.
Ruwan zafi a yanayin matsakaici
Ana samun wannan ruwan zafin a cikin aquifers mai ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda, a mafi yawansu suna kaiwa 150 ° C. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa jujjuya tururin ruwa zuwa wutar lantarki ana yin shi tare da ƙarancin aiki kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar wani ruwa mai canzawa.
Ruwan zafi a yanayin zafi mara kyau
Wadannan kudaden suna da ruwa a kusan 70 ° C don haka zafinta yana zuwa ne kawai daga tudu.
Ruwan zafi a yanayin ƙarancin zafi
Mun sami ruwa wanda yanayin zafinsa yake matsakaicin isa 50 ° C. Otherarfin ƙasa da za a iya samu ta irin wannan ruwan yana taimaka mana don biyan wasu bukatun gida kamar dumama gida.
Filin bushe
Yankuna masu bushewa wurare ne inda dutsen ya bushe kuma yake da zafi sosai. A cikin irin wannan asusun Babu wani ruwan sha wanda yake dauke da makamashin geothermal ko kuma kowane irin abu mai tasiri. Masanan ne ke gabatar da waɗannan nau'ikan abubuwan don iya watsa zafi. Waɗannan adibas ɗin suna da ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa da farashin samarwa mafi girma.
Ta yaya za mu ciro makamashin geothermal daga waɗannan fannoni? Don samun wadataccen aiki da samun fa'idodin tattalin arziki, ana buƙatar yanki a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ba shi da zurfi sosai (tunda farashin aiki yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da zurfin yake ƙaruwa) kuma wannan yana da kayan busassun ko duwatsu amma a yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi. An haƙa ƙasa don isa waɗannan kayan kuma an saka ruwa a cikin hakowa. Lokacin da aka yi wannan allurar, sai a sake yin wani rami wanda muke cire ruwan zafi don cin gajiyar kuzarinsa.
Rashin dacewar irin wannan ajiya shine cewa fasaha da kayan aiki don aiwatar da wannan aikin har yanzu ba za a iya daidaita su ba, don haka ana aiki a kan ci gabanta da inganta ta.
Adadin geyser
Geysers sune maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi waɗanda suke bisa ɗari suna fitar da tururi da ruwan zafi. Kadan ne a doron kasa. Saboda ƙwarewar su, ana samun geysers a cikin yanayin inda girmamawarsu da kulawarsu dole ne su kasance masu girma don kada su haifar da ayyukansu ya tabarbare.
Domin cire zafi daga madatsar ruwa ta geyser, dole ne a yi amfani da zafin sa kai tsaye ta hanyar turbin don samun ƙarfin inji. Matsalar wannan nau'in hakar ita ce sake shigar ruwa tuni yana da karancin zafin jiki yana sanya magmas yayi sanyi ya sanya su gudu. An kuma bincika cewa allurar ruwan sanyi da sanyaya magmas suna haifar da ƙananan girgizar ƙasa.
Amfani da makamashin ƙasa
Mun ga nau'ikan tafkin don hakar makamashin da ke karkashin kasa, amma har yanzu ba mu yi nazarin amfani da za a iya ba su ba. A yau ana iya amfani da makamashin geothermal a yawancin fannoni na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun. Ana iya amfani dashi don zafi da ƙirƙirar yanayin da ya dace a cikin greenhouses da samar da dumama gidaje da cibiyoyin kasuwanci.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don sanyaya da samar da ruwan zafi na gida. Gabaɗaya makamashin geothermal ana amfani dashi don spas, dumama da ruwan zafi, samar da wutar lantarki, don hakar ma'adanai da noma da kiwo.
Fa'idodin makamashin ƙasa
- Abu na farko da yakamata mu haskaka dangane da fa'idodin makamashi daga ƙasa shine nau'in makamashi mai sabuntawa saboda haka ana daukarta mai tsafta. Amfani da shi da kuzarinsa baya haifar da hayaki mai gurɓataccen yanayi don haka baya lalata lahan ozone ko bayar da gudummawa wajen haɓaka tasirin canjin yanayi.
- Babu samar da sharar gida.
- Kudin samar da wutar lantarki daga wannan nau'in makamashi suna da arha. Sun fi rahusa fiye da na tsire-tsire na kwal ko na tashar nukiliya.
- Adadin makamashin geothermal da za a iya samarwa a duniya ana tsammanin ya fi dukkan mai, gas, uranium, da gawayi haɗuwa.
Rashin dacewar makamashin geothermal
A ƙarshe, tunda ba kowane abu bane yake da kyau ba, dole ne muyi la’akari da rashin fa'idar amfani da makamashin geothermal.
- Ofaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin shine har yanzu yana da ƙarancin ci gaban fasaha. A gaskiya a yau Da wuya ake ambata lokacin da aka lissafa abubuwan sabuntawa.
- Akwai haɗari yayin amfani da yuwuwar kutsawar hydrogen sulfide da arsenic, waxanda suke gurbata abubuwa.
- Iyakan yankuna yana nufin cewa dole ne a girka tsire-tsire masu samar da wutar lantarki a wuraren da zafin kasan ke da karfi sosai. Bugu da kari, makamashin da aka samar dole ne a cinye shi a yankin da aka hako shi, Ba za a iya hawarsa zuwa wurare masu nisa ba saboda aikin zai ɓace.
- Cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na geothermal suna haifar da manyan tasirin wuri mai faɗi.
- Otherarfin ƙasa ba ƙarfin da yake karewa ba ne a cikin kansa tunda zafin Duniya yana ƙarewa.
- A wasu wuraren da ake hako wannan makamashin, ƙananan girgizar ƙasa na faruwa ne sakamakon allurar ruwa.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, makamashin geothermal, duk da cewa ba'a san shi sosai ba, yana da ayyuka da yawa da kuma halaye da yawa don la'akari da makomar makamashi.
Gano sauran nau'ikan ƙarfin kuzari:
