Ruwa shine mafi mahimmancin kadara da ɗan adam yake dashi kuma godiya ga ruwa zamu inganta rayuwa kamar yadda muka sanshi. Sabili da haka, dole ne mu sani cewa iyakance ce kuma ya zama dole a nemi wasu hanyoyi don bamu damar samun ruwan sha. Shan ruwa shine wanda dan adam zai iya cinyewa ba tare da haifar da wata illa ga lafiya ba. Canjin yanayi yana haifar da fari na ƙaruwa da ƙarfi a cikin shekaru. A saboda wannan dalili, injin tsabtace ruwa na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen iya tsarkake ruwa da sanya shi dacewa da ɗan adam.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da shi mai yin ruwa na ruwa da yadda yake aiki.
Halaye na injin sarrafa ruwa
Tunda ruwa yana daya daga cikin mahimmancin dukiyar ɗan adam, muna buƙatar shigar da wannan ruwan cikin abincinmu a kullum. Kuma shi ne cewa in babu ruwa dan Adam ba zai iya rayuwa ba. Domin cin ruwan muna buƙatar injin gyaran ruwa. Wato, tsire wanda yake da tsari wanda aka kirkireshi domin dibar ruwa daga koguna ko tabki, don sarrafa shi domin maida shi ruwan sha.
A Spain muna da a kusa da 1300 tsire-tsire masu maganin ruwa wadanda ke da alhakin samar da kusan lita 250 na ruwan sha ga kowane mutum a kowace rana. An rarraba wannan ruwan zuwa duk gidaje, kasuwanci, amfanin gona, da sauransu. Ana iya takaita shi cikin cewa injin tsarkake ruwa shine kayan aikin da ke kula da tabbatar da cewa dan adam yana da wadataccen ruwa mai inganci da za'a samar.
Tsarin sarrafa tsire-tsire na ruwa
Cibiyar sarrafa ruwa tana buƙatar matakai da yawa don sanya ruwan sha. Zamu binciki mataki-mataki menene hanyoyin sarrafa injin sarrafa ruwa:
Kamawa
Tsarin kamawa yana daukar nauyin tara wadataccen ruwa domin sanya shi abin sha. Wannan ruwan galibi yana zuwa ne daga hanyar ruwa, tafkuna, magudanan ruwa kuma yana da alhakin jigilar duk ruwan zuwa tashar shan ruwan sha. Galibi, ana kiransa masana'antar ruwa kuma an san shi da gajeriyar ma'anar ETAP.
Shigar da wannan duka yawanci yana kusa da tushen ɗanyen ruwa don kauce wa kashe kuɗaɗen da ba dole ba don jigila. Jigilar ruwa zuwa tashar shan ruwan sha na iya zama ta nauyi don rage farashin. Lokacin jigilar ruwa ta nauyi ana yin shi ta atomatik amfani da gangaren ƙasar. Koyaya, Idan shigarwa yana da mafi girman adadin fiye da wurin tattarawa, za'a buƙaci tashar famfo. Tashar famfo tana kara kudin wutar lantarki.
Jima'i
Lokacin da ruwa ya riga ya shiga shigarwar, yana shan wasu jiyya na baya. Wannan ɗanyen ruwan yana da wasu jiyya kamar su niƙa, niƙa da kuma yin allura a kai. Tare da wannan tsautsayi an yi ƙoƙari don rage ɗan adadin abubuwan shawagi waɗanda ruwa zasu iya ɗauka. Misali, zaka iya jan ganye, rassa, da wasu abubuwa masu kamanceceniya. Ana yin wannan aikin ta hanyar amfani da sanduna masu girman girma daban-daban. Suna tafiya daga sanduna tare da buɗewar santimita 10 zuwa karatun 10 mm.
Sannan ana amfani da tsari na cire sanding. Anan abin da aka gwada shi ne cewa ƙarancin yashi da ƙananan tsakuwa suna faruwa. A yadda aka saba ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar nauyi a cikin wani sashin buɗe tashar tare da wadatattun girma a gare shi. Ana iya amfani da sandunan tare da jagoranci ko tsabtace atomatik.
A ƙarshe, da pretreatment kuma yana da reagent sashi. Ana amfani da ƙwayar mai amfani da foda don gyara ƙanshin ruwan. Hakanan akwai wasu madogara masu kuzari don hana algae girma cikin ruwa. Tare da waɗannan hanyoyin ana ba da izinin ruwa don ba da kyakkyawan yanayin da za a bi da shi.
Bayyanawa
Tsarin bayani na ruwa yana da matakai daban-daban. Anan ne ruwan yake fuskantar lamuran jiki da na sinadarai wanda ke bayyana shi ta hanyar raba abubuwan da ba'a so ta karfin jiki. Dakatattun daskararrun da suke cikin ruwan sha galibi sune yumɓu da ƙaramar ƙaramar ƙarami. Ba shi yiwuwa cewa ruwan bashi da wadannan daskararrun a dakatarwa tunda sun fito ne daga halittu masu rai tare da adadi mai yawa na wadannan abubuwan.
Ruwan yana ƙarƙashin aikin tacewa don ya sami damar riƙe ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Tsarin bayani yana farawa da sashi na wakilin sunadarai wanda ke da tasiri. Wannan yana haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyi su manne tare don samar da ƙananan barbashi. Ana kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin flocs.
Gyarawa da lalata abubuwa
Da zarar flocins ɗin sun ƙirƙira, godiya ga wakilin daskararre, ruwan ya shiga cikin tankunan kwalliyar. Wadannan tankokin ana kiran su da masu rudani. Wannan sunan ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa sun fi girma kuma suna taimakawa flocs da ke ƙunshe a cikin ruwa suna faɗuwa da nauyi zuwa ƙasan. Akwai kayan kwalliya iri daban-daban dangane da yanayin ruwan da za'a sha. Akwai tsayayyun tsayayyun abubuwa, masu kuzari, daɗaɗɗun abubuwa, maɓuɓɓugan juzu'i, maɓallin lamellar, da dai sauransu.
A duk waɗannan masu rage girman aiki iri ɗaya ne. Ruwan dole ne ya kasance cikin akwati tsawon lokaci ga kowa flocs zasu iya isa zuwa ƙasa kuma an bayyana ruwa.
Tacewa
Tsarin tacewa shine wanda ake aiwatarwa da zarar an cire fulawa daga ruwa. Ana amfani da yashi mai ƙyalƙyali na ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumammi don sanya ruwa iya kawar da sauran ƙwayoyin. Ruwa yana ratsa wannan gadon matattara ta aikin nauyi. Kamar yadda yake abu ne mai raɗaɗi, yana da ikon riƙe ƙwayoyin da suka tsere daga ƙarancin baya. Da zarar an tace ruwan sai a tara.
Kwayar cuta
Shine magani na karshe don sanya ruwa ya sha. Yana daya daga cikin mahimmin tushe tunda yana da alhakin hallaka dukkan kwayoyin cutar da ruwan zai iya ƙunsar. Ana amfani da sinadarin Chlorine a matsayin sinadari a cikin aikin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Ruwa yana bin gwaje-gwaje iri-iri don tabbatar da cewa ya dace da cin ɗan adam. A ƙarshe, sanya ruwan sha ana ɗauke dashi ta tashar famfo zuwa gidaje.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da injin sarrafa ruwa.