Yayin zabar sufuri daga wani wuri zuwa wani, dole ne muyi la'akari da yawan amfani da mai, hayaƙi da ke fita zuwa yanayi, farashin mai, nisan tafiyar, da dai sauransu. Ta wannan hanyar zamu iya zaɓar wacce hanyar sufuri ce mafi inganci.
A wannan halin zamuyi karamin nazari da kimanta wacce hanyar safara tafi inganci da karancin gurbatar tafiye tafiye tsakanin biranen Turai. Shin kana son sanin wanne ne yafi kyau?
Sufuri
A cikin Turai, ana samar da ita ne kawai cikin kashi 1 cikin ɗari na yawan gurɓataccen iskar gas wanda theungiyar Sufuri ke samarwa. Waɗannan bayanan an ciro su ne daga Laboratory-evation-Laboratory a cikin rahoton farko da ta bayar game da yanayin motsi. Rahoton an samar da shi ne tare da haɗin gwiwar Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Alstom, Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona da Railgrup kuma sun gabatar da wani «bincike game da mahimmancin e-e-innovation ga halin da ake ciki yanzu na ɓangaren motsi.
Bugu da kari, rahoton yana nuna halaye daban-daban da kuma hakikanin shari'oi game da kamfanonin da suka nuna yadda samar da muhalli yana taimakawa wajen rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, wadanda sune suke haifar da canjin yanayi. Hakanan muna da tanadi a cikin albarkatun ƙasa da makamashi, ƙara ƙimar abubuwan da ba za a taɓa gani ba waɗanda kasuwar ke ƙimantawa kuma kyakkyawan tsari ne wanda ke ba da fa'idodi ga kamfanoni.
Wace hanyar sufuri ce mafi inganci?
Bayan nazarin da kimanta duk masu canjin da aka ambata a sama, rahoton ya tabbatar da cewa safarar jiragen ƙasa shine mafi ingancin tsarin jigilar ƙasa har ma fiye da na teku. Don cimma wannan matsayar sun yi la'akari da hayaƙin CO2 da ake fitar da kowace tan. Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, jigilar hanyoyin jirgin kasa sun gaza kashi 1% na yawan hayakin da ke samar da iskar gas da aka samar a bangaren sufuri. Menene ƙari, wannan bangare ya himmatu wajen rage fitar da hayaki da kashi 50% idan aka kwatanta da darajar 1990.
Babban burin da bangaren sufuri yake da shi shine nan da shekarar 2050, ana da niyyar samun halin rashin daidaito a cikin hayaƙin carbon. Kasar Spain tana da hanyar jirgin kasa da ta wuce kilomita 15.200. Daga cikin wadannan, 2.322 suna cikin layuka masu saurin gudu (Spain tana da hanyar sadarwa ta uku mafi girma a duniya). Masana’antar layin dogo ta kasar Spain na fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashe sama da 80. Fiye da 50% na fitarwa na Spanishananan ƙananan kamfanonin Sipaniya (SMEs) an tsara su zuwa ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai.
Har ila yau, dole ne mu yi la'akari da cewa a halin yanzu hanyar sadarwar metro a duk duniya tana maraba da fasinjoji sama da miliyan 100 a rana. Yin hasashen cewa, nan da shekarar 2050, kashi 70% na yawan mutanen duniya zasu zauna a cikin birane, dole ne muyi la akari da cewa zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa zai zama muhimmin abu a cikin al'umma.
Kalubalen safarar jiragen kasa
Rahoton kan abubuwan da suka shafi kirkire-kirkire a harkar zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa ya gano manyan kalubale guda uku da bangaren sufuri zai shawo kansu. Na farko, wanda shine motsi na jiragen ƙasa, yana son ci gaba mai ɗorewa tunda, saboda ƙarancin hayaƙin gas mai ƙarancin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, yana iya zama mabuɗin mahimmanci. Na biyu shine digitization, hadewar motsi da kwarewar mai amfani, saboda karuwar fasahar bayanai zai canza yadda muke tunkarar motsi. Na uku kuma shine haɓaka jiragen ƙasa da kayayyakin more rayuwa waɗanda suka fi karko don kar a rasa gasa a kasuwanni akan abubuwan da ba za a iya sabunta su ba.
Inganta safarar jiragen ƙasa na nufin bayar da kyakkyawan ƙwarewar tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙofa ga masu amfani da shi, ƙaddamar da ƙimar banbanci idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan sufuri. Wannan ita ce mafita mafi sauri ta hanyoyin Turai tsakanin biranen, 12% da sauri fiye da jirgin sama kuma tare da 25% ƙasa da hayaƙin CO2, kodayake babbar matsalar ita ce babbar rarrabuwa da ke akwai a fagen duniya.