A fagen ilimin kimiyyar halittu da tsire-tsire akwai magana da yawa game da kungiyar kasada da mahimmancin sa. Yana yin kaurin katangar tantanin halitta wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan tallafi na shuke-shuke da jijiyoyin jini da kuma wasu algae. Mun san cewa bangon kwayar halitta ya kunshi lignin da suberin kuma yana taimakawa kare tsire-tsire. Formedungiyar Caspary an kafa ta a lokaci guda kamar bangon ƙwayoyin farko a cikin asalin kuma daga can akwai mahimmancin gaske don ci gaban shukar.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da samuwar da mahimmancin ƙungiyar Caspary.
Babban fasali
Mun sani cewa endodermis na bangon tantanin halitta yana da kauri, tauri, juriya mara lalacewa wanda ke taimakawa kare ƙwayoyin halitta. Wallsaƙƙarfan ganuwar radial da transverse yana haifar da polymers na halitta waɗanda aka sani da ƙungiyar Caspary. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan tallafi na tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini da wasu algae. Akwai rukuni a cikin kowane sel wanda abubuwa masu haɗari ko polymer suka shigar dashi kuma yana nuna babban bambanci tsakanin asalin bangon sel.
Ungiyar Caspary ta faɗaɗa dukkan bangon ta hanyar da ba za ta ci gaba ba. Wato, baya bayyana lokaci guda a cikin dukkanin ƙwayoyin endodermis. Sunanta ya fito ne daga samar da wani nau'in layin ruwa wanda yake samar dashi. Abin da ya fara da sanya abubuwa masu ƙanshi da mai a jikin bangon ɗari na ƙwayoyin a ƙarshen ya ƙare ya zama bel wanda ya shiga membrane ɗin plasma don ƙara kaurinsa. Zamu iya lura da ƙungiyar Caspary ta hanyar amfani da madubin hangen nesa wanda ake kira Safranin. Za'a iya cewa wannan ƙungiyar bel ce inda aka saka ganuwar farko.
Caspary band aiki
Zamu san menene aikin ƙungiyar Caspary. Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan suberin kuma yana haifar da wani tsarin tsari wanda ke aiki a matsayin shamaki tsakanin tsirrai da muhalli. Mun san cewa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar wani kariya ga ba za a lalata ta da wakilan da ke wanzu a cikin muhalli ba. Bugu da kari, daya daga cikin ayyukanta shine tsoma baki a cikin jigilar ruwa da ions ta hanyar apoplast na tushen. Hakanan yana hana abubuwan gudana daga cikin wannan hanyar kuma suna tilasta jigilar mahaifa ta hanya mai sauƙi.
Suberin ya kunshi hydroxy, epoxy, da dicarboxylic fatty acid. Wadannan kitse masu kiba sun cika sararin sashin kayan kwayar halitta a gefen sassan kwayoyin shuka. Wato, yana toshe hanyar wucewar abubuwa tsakanin ganuwar endodermis kuma ruwan kasan yana karewa ta hanyar cytoplasm. Ta wannan hanyar, an ƙirƙiri yanayin zaɓin zaɓi mai ban sha'awa don shuka. Wannan shine yadda shuka zai iya sarrafa kwararar ions, sarrafa shigowar ruwa da sauran abubuwan ma'adinai.
Idan muka je endodermis din kwayar halitta, zamu iya ganin cewa shine kwaya daya tilo da ke hana shigar da abubuwa daga kasa zuwa ga jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Endodermis an rufe shi da kodin kuma kodayake ions din suna iya yadawa tsakanin rhizodermis da silinda na jijiyoyin jiki, ba zasu iya samun damar karshen ba. A saboda wannan dalili, hanyar ita ce tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire ko cytoplasm na epidermis.
Pungiyar caspary da jigilar ruwa
A yawancin tsire-tsire ruwan ya shiga tushen ne bisa ga halitta. Ba lallai ba ne a sami ƙarin kashe kuzari don ruwa ya shiga ta asalinsa. Koyaya, motsi na ruwa ta cikin ɓawon burodi da dukkan layin cikin yana amfani da ƙarin kuzari kuma ana aiwatar da matakai daban-daban. Motsi na ruwa zuwa xylem na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi biyu: apoplast da syplast. Gangungiyar Caspary ta kasance a duka biyun. Zamuyi karatu mai zurfi wadanda sune hanyoyi guda biyu wadanda ake samun ƙungiyar Caspary:
Hanyar Apoplast
Yankin shuka ne wanda protoplast bai mamaye shi ba. A cikinsu akwai wuraren da babu komai a fili tsakanin ganuwar tantanin halitta da tsakanin sel daban-daban. Apoplast ya zama ɗayan yankuna don samun ruwa da sauran abubuwa waɗanda aka haɗa cikin cikin tsiron. Wannan hanyar tana aiki ne azaman bututun iskar carbon dioxide zuwa chloroplast. don ba da gudummawa ga gyaran carbon yayin aiwatar da aikin hotuna. Hakanan suna shiga tsakani bayan juriya da tsire-tsire zuwa wasu kwayoyin halittar jiki wadanda zasu iya dannata kwayar halittar.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa sarari tsakanin ganuwar tantanin halitta da tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta sun cika kamar polymers na halitta waɗanda asalin yanayinsu mai. Wadannan kwayoyin polymer sune suke hada bandar Caspary kuma suna hana yaduwar ruwa da ions. Jigilar waɗannan abubuwa ta hanyar apoplast ba komai, mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da abin da ke faruwa a cikin hanyar tausayawa.
Hanyar tausayi
Thearfafawa daga endodermis yana nufin cewa hanya kawai don jigila shine syplast. Anan ne ruwa yake ratsawa ta cikin membranes na cytoplasmic da protoplasts na sel. An dauke shi a matsayin mafi yawan safarar aiki da Yana tafiya daga kwayar halitta zuwa kwayar halitta ta amfani da bambancin damar ruwa. Mun ga cewa yana da apoplast yana da motsi na ruwa ta hanyar tasirin gumi. Wannan yana faruwa galibi bayan asarar ruwa ta buɗewar stomata.
Syplast shine protoplasts da yake haɗuwa wanda ke haifar da kwayar halittar kwayar halitta. A lokaci guda muna iya ganin cewa suna da alaƙa da plasmodesmata. Ta nan ne ruwa yake gudana cikin sauki kamar sauran kwayoyin kwayoyin nauyi masu nauyi da abubuwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da ƙungiyar Caspary da mahimmancin da yake da shi ga tsirrai.