Farar da hukumomin Vietnam suka yi don makamashin wuta don saduwa da ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi na buƙatar makamashi da ke kawo shi karuwar gurbataccen hayaki, don haka sanya iska a cikin manyan birane rashin lafiya.
Hanoi shine birni mafi yawan lalacewa, tuni a cikin 2017 kawai jin daɗin kwanaki 38 na iska mai tsabta, Rarraba matsakaita matsakaitan matakan WHO (Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya), a cewar wani sabon rahoto na Green ID (Cibiyar Vietnamese ta Cibiyar Innovation da Ci Gaban Vietnam.
A lokaci guda cewa kewaye zirga-zirga da masana'antu suna da alaƙa da hayaƙi kamar kowane birni an kara wutar lantarki ta kwal fiye da 20 kewaye babban birnin.
Rahoton da aka ambata a baya ya nuna a matsayin ɗayan manyan abubuwan wannan gaskiyar, kasancewar yanayin iska a cikin ƙarshen matsayi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Nguyen Thi Khanh, Daraktan Green ID, ya bayyana a wani taron kwanan nan a Hanoi cewa:
“Kasashe kamar China da Koriya ta Kudu suna juya baya ga kwal saboda hakan na haifar da illa ga lafiya.
Lokaci ya yi da za mu zabi sabon yanayin ci gaban da bai shafi sadaukar da muhalli da iska mai tsafta ba ”.
Koyaya, muryoyi kamar na Khanh, da farin ciki suna da yawa, ba sa canza shirin hukumomin Vietnam, waɗanda suka gani a ciki gawayi shine tushen samar da makamashi mai arha don biyan bukatun masana'antu da masu amfani da kansu, wanda ke haɓaka sama da 10% a kowace shekara.
Plantsarin tsire-tsire masu ƙarfin kwal
Babban ci gaban tattalin arzikin da aka samu a cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata ya haifar da buƙatar kuzari, sakamakon haka muna da lahani ga muhalli.
Tsakanin 1991 da 2012, GDP na ƙasar (Gross Domestic Product) ya karu da 315% yayin karuwar hayakin da ke fitarwa ya tsaya a kashi 937%.
A gefe guda, tare da shuke-shuke 26 da ƙasar ke aiki da su, gwamnatin kwaminisanci tana shirin ƙara ƙarin 6 zuwa 2020 kuma za ta fara aiki a 2030 akalla shuke-shuke 51, ana fatan ta wannan hanyar don samar da fiye da rabin ƙarfin da ake ci, ana ƙona kusan tan miliyan 129 na kwal a kowace shekara.
A cikin lardin Long An, kusa da Ho Chi Ming (birni mafi yawan jama'a a ƙasar kuma inda iska ke tsirowa da firgita), an tsara gina ɗayan mafiya ƙarfi daga cikin waɗannan kamfanonin wutar lantarki masu ƙone kwal.
Cibiyar Vietnamese Center for Green Innovation and Development ta kiyasta cewa idan aka kammala gina wannan shuka, to ƙurar da ke cikin iska a wasu yankuna za ta ninka ta 11, ban da haka, sinadarin sulphur zai ƙara da 7 da na nitrate oxide da 4 idan aka kwatanta da matakan da aka kafa a cikin 2014.
Wannan zai kawo wahala Jajircewar Vietnam don yanke gurɓataccen gurɓatacciyar iska ta 2030 da 25%.
Mutuwar wuri
A cewar wani binciken da Jami'ar Harvard da Greenpeace suka wallafa, ginawa da bude wadannan cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarkin zai kuma haifar da karuwar mace-mace ba tare da bata lokaci ba a kasar.
An kiyasta cewa zuwa 2030 Vietnam fiye da 20.000 za su mutu a shekara, kusan sau biyar fiye da na 2011 har ma ya wuce matsakaita na ƙasashe kewaye.
Kim Yong Kim, Shugaban Bankin Duniya ya yi gargadin a cikin taron cewa:
"Idan Vietnam ta ci gaba da shirye-shiryenta kuma ƙasashen yankin sun bi hanya ɗaya, zai zama bala'i ga duniyar."
Wannan ƙungiyar, wacce ta ba da kuɗi ga tsire-tsire masu yawa a Asiya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, zata kare da taimakon ta daga 2019. Koyaya, Vietnam za ta koma neman kuɗi daga ƙasashe kamar Koriya ta Kudu, Japan da China, ƙasashe inda kwal ke rasa ƙasa kuma buƙatun muhalli sun fi tsaurara ƙarfi ga kamfanoni.
Saboda wadannan dalilan, madadin mai dorewa da Bankin Duniya da kungiyoyin kare muhalli suka nema na yawan awanni na hasken rana da karfin iska na wasu yankuna ga gwamnatin Hanoi ba shi da wani fifiko.
Hoang Quoc Vuong, Mataimakin Ministan Masana'antu, barata cewa:
"Karfin ci gaba zai ci gaba da kasancewa na makamashi da ake samarwa tare da gawayi saboda matsalolin fasaha da rashin kwanciyar hankali na rana da iska a kasar."