Daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin dabbobi wadanda suka kunshi wannan masarauta sune invertebrates. Invertebrates suna wakiltar kashi 95% na dukkan nau'ikan dabbobin da aka sani yau. Babban halayen da suke kiyayewa a tsakanin su shine basu da tsarin kashi. Sabili da haka, ba su da layin kashin baya ko kowane nau'in ƙashi a ko'ina cikin jiki. Ana samun su a kusan dukkanin wuraren zama a duniyar mu daga ruwan zafi zuwa teku mai zurfi ko wuraren daskarewa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, rabe-raben halitta, ilimin halittu da kuma son sanin ƙarancin invertebrates.
Babban fasali
Akwai halaye da yawa na invertebrates. Kamar yadda kalmar su ta nuna ba su da kashin baya. A saboda wannan dalili, ba su da ginshiƙan kashin baya da kwarangwal na ciki kamar yadda yake a yanayin ƙashin baya. Yawancin lokaci dabbobi ne masu ƙananan girma kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna da wasu tsare-tsare na kariya kamar su bawo, bawo da murfi daban-daban.
Dabbobi ne da zasu iya rayuwa cikin kusan kowane yanayi a duniyar mu. Bincikensa ya daɗe ba tare da an ba shi cikakken bayaninsa da rashin sanin tasirinsa ba. Misali, babu ilimi da yawa game da mahimmancin sa ga tattalin arziki da kimiyya. Hakanan kuma bai zama yana da matukar mahimmanci raba cikin al'adu da abinci ba. Ta rayuwa mai hankali da ƙanana, ba sa jawo hankali sosai kuma ba sa shiga cikin rayuwar mutum sosai.
Duk da wannan da aka ambata, invertebrates sune ke da yawancin halittun da muke dasu ayau. Fiye da nau'in miliyan 1.8 sun daina, wanda 990.000 daga cikinsu sun kasance masu jujjuya rayayyun halittu da ke wanzu a duniyarmu.
Mafi yawan waɗannan invertebrates suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mai kyau. Wadannan tsarukan halittu sune koguna, tabkuna, kududdufai da tafkuna, da sauransu. Wannan rukuni na dabbobi mun sami kwari, crustaceans, mollusks, annelids da flatworms. Yawa da bambancin waɗannan macroinvertebrates dalilai ne waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman masu kare rayuka. A takaice, bidiyo mai nuna alama ita ce dabbar da ke nuna yanayin tsarin da bambancin halittu da ke wanzuwa. Misali, akwai wasu kayan kwalliyar kwalliya waɗanda ke alamta ingancin ruwa. Wato, kasancewar kasancewar wannan ɓawon burodi a cikin ruwa zai nuna cewa ingancin sa yana da kyau. In ba haka ba, wannan dabba ba za ta iya rayuwa a cikin waɗannan mahalli ba.
Masu kare halittu suna da matsayi mai yawa a cikin karatun kimiyya kuma suna sauƙaƙa gaskiyar yin gwaji don tabbatar da ingancin ruwa a wurare da yawa.
Matsayin invertebrates a cikin yankuna
Mafi yawa daga cikin invertebrates suna da mahimmanci don zama abinci ga sauran ƙwayoyin halitta da canza kwayoyin halitta. Hakanan akwai dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin masu farauta a ƙananan tafkunan da babu rashi kifi a ciki. Wadannan invertebrates sun zama manyan maharan zooplankton
Akwai ƙungiyoyi da yawa na waɗannan dabbobin da basu da ƙasusuwa, kodayake mafi girma daga cikinsu sune maɓuɓɓuka. Arthropods sune nau'in kwayar halittar invertebrates da ke da dabbobi da yawa a cikin su. Mun sami phyla daban-daban invertebrate kamar yadda suke porifers, cnidarians, flatworms, mollusks, annelids, nematodes, arthropods da echinoderms. A kowane phylum mun sami aƙalla nau'ikan 7000 kuma aƙalla sama da miliyan, a game da cututtukan zuciya.
Hakanan akwai ɓarna a cikin ruwa kamar su soso. Waɗannan su ne dabbobin da suka fi tsufa kuma masu sauƙi waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna girma kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa ko kankara. Sosogin ruwa suna ciyarwa galibi akan ƙwayoyin da suka samu a cikin ruwa kuma suna ratsa su ta hanyoyin ruwa ta cikin tashoshin cikin jikinsu.
A cikin ƙungiyar cnidarians muna da jellyfish. Dabbobi ne waɗanda suke da sifar sacca wacce buɗewarta kawai ke zama bakin kuma wannan yana haɗuwa da ramin gastrovascular. Wannan rami ana ɗaukarsa azaman tsohon ciki. Yana da tanti wanda yake da shi kwayoyi na musamman wadanda ake kira cnidoblasts tare da abubuwa masu harba shine cewa suna aiki ne a matsayin kariya da kuma kai hare-hare akan ganimar su da masu farautar su. Ba sa motsi kamar yadda suke barin halin yanzu ya dauke su kyauta.
A gefe guda kuma, a cikin sassan cikin ruwa kuma muna da murjani. Wadannan sun kasance an kafa su a cikin ƙasa akan duwatsu.
Invertebrates: flatworms, mollusks da annelids
Flatworms ba a san su sosai ba kuma ana kiran su flatworms. A cikin waɗannan rukuni akwai masu shiryawa da rawar jiki. Galibi suna gabatar da rayuwa mai 'yanci kuma kyauta. Suna da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya wanda ke iya sarrafa bayanan da idanu suka tattara da sauran sifofi masu mahimmanci.
A cikin ƙungiyar mollusks muna da katantanwa, kumburi, squid ko dorinar ruwa. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da harsashi mai wuya don kariya. Gabobin ciki na waɗannan dabbobi suna yin juzu'in visceral kuma jikinsu yana da ƙashin muscular. A cikin mollusks akwai azuzuwan 3 tsakanin su waɗanda gastropods, bivalves da cephalopods suka fito. A cikin kowane aji akwai dubban nau'in.
Hakanan Annelids bashi da ƙashi kuma mafi sani shine ƙwarjin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci dabbobi ne masu jikin silinda kuma sun kasu cikin zobba. Wadannan dabbobin suna ba da metameria, ma'ana, suna da wasu gabobi wadanda suke maimaita kowane zoben. Jikin galibi ana lullubeshi da laka don mafi kyawun motsi.
Invertebrates: nematodes, arthropods da echinoderms
A cikin ƙungiyar nematodes mun sami zagayen tsutsotsi. Suna iya zama masu rayuwa kyauta ko kuma masu cutarwa. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a cikin wuraren ruwa da cikin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba su kuma suna da tsokoki na halayyar motsi.
A cikin ƙungiyar cututtukan mutane mun sami kwari, arachnids da crustaceans. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarin fasalin tsarin jiki tare da exoskeleton. Wannan tsoffin kashin ya kunshi sinadarin chitin kuma ya kasu kashi-kashi da kari. Yawancinsu suna da tsarin sarrafa metamorphosis don su sami damar isa ga matakin manya. Daga cikin mafi yawan ƙungiyoyin arthropods da muke da su myriapods, arachnids, crustaceans da kwari.
A ƙarshe, a cikin ƙungiyar echinoderms mun sami taurari da urchins na teku. Su ne dabbobin teku waɗanda suke kusa da vertebrates. Sun kunshi sassa guda 5 kuma basu da kasusuwa sai dai kwarangwal na waje wanda ya kunshi faranti na farar ƙasa. Suna da babban damar sabuntawa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da dabbobi masu rarrafe.