mu tafi 
Ka yi tunanin motar da ba ta fitar da hayaki ko gurbataccen iskar gas yayin tuƙi, kuma maimakon amfani da man fetur ko dizal, tana amfani da hydrogen a matsayin mai. Hydrogen ba wani abu ne na gaba ba amma ya riga ya samuwa godiya ga hydrogen man fetur cell a cikin mota. Mutane da yawa suna mamakin yadda yake aiki kuma menene fa'idodin amfani da su.
A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku game da hydrogen man fetur cell a cikin motoci, da halaye, abũbuwan amfãni da yawa.
Menene motocin hydrogen cell
A zahiri, baturin hydrogen na'ura ce da ke canza makamashin sinadarai da aka adana a cikin hydrogen zuwa makamashin lantarki. Yana aiki ta hanyar tsarin da hydrogen yana haɗuwa da iskar oxygen daga iska don samar da wutar lantarki, ruwa, da zafi a matsayin abubuwan da aka samo asali. Wutar lantarkin da ake samu na iya yin amfani da injin lantarki wanda ke tafiyar da ƙafafun motar, yana ba ta damar motsawa.
Tantanin man fetur na hydrogen ya ƙunshi sel guda ɗaya.. Kowane tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi na'urorin lantarki guda biyu, anode da cathode, wanda wani abu da ake kira electrolyte ya rabu. Ana shigar da hydrogen a cikin anode kuma ana shigar da iskar oxygen daga iska a cathode. Lokacin da hydrogen ya haɗu da anode, ya rushe zuwa protons da electrons. Protons suna tafiya ta hanyar electrolyte zuwa cathode, yayin da electrons ke tafiya ta hanyar da'ira na waje, suna samar da wutar lantarki a cikin tsari. A cathode, protons, electrons, da oxygen sun haɗu don samar da ruwa da zafi.
Yadda yake aiki
Babban bambanci da motar hydrogen shine, Yayin da motar lantarki ce, tunda kuna da injin lantarki yana juya ƙafafun gaba ɗaya, ba ya aiki iri ɗaya. A cikin motar man fetur, motar tana samar da wutar lantarki da take bukata.
Maimakon yin amfani da batura don adana makamashi, suna amfani da ƙwayoyin mai, kama da na'urorin wutar lantarki. Idan muka yi nazarin motocin da ke konewa, ana samun makamashi ta hanyar kona abubuwan da ake amfani da su na man fetur, kuma a cikin motocin hydrogen, ana sarrafa hydrogen don samar da wutar lantarki akan buƙata.
Ana adana iskar hydrogen (H2) a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba a cikin takamaiman tankuna. Ana isar da wannan sinadari zuwa tantanin mai inda aka ƙara iskar iskar oxygen don samar da wutar lantarki kuma ana samun ruwa (H2O) azaman saura samfurin. Domin eh, motocin hydrogen suna da bututun shaye-shaye, amma ba sa gurɓata, tururin ruwa kawai suke fitarwa.
Wutar lantarkin da makamashin man fetur ke samarwa yana zuwa ga baturi, kuma kamar a cikin motar lantarki, baturin yana da alhakin rarraba wutar lantarki ga motar lantarki. Hakanan ana iya isar da wutar da ake buƙata kai tsaye daga tantanin mai zuwa injin lantarki.
Wutar lantarki da aka taru a cikin baturi, tare da dawo da kuzari ta hanyar sabunta birki, an adana shi a cikin baturi, wanda ke ba da damar tsarin kwayar mai yayi aiki ko da ba tare da cinye hydrogen ba.
Amfani da Tsawon Lokaci
Idan ya zo ga karko, yi tunanin mota mai amfani da hydrogen kamar motar man fetur ko dizal na gargajiya. Sakamakon haka, an ƙera ƙwayoyin mai na hydrogen a cikin motoci don ɗorewa rayuwar abin hawa na al'ada, tare da inganci iri ɗaya, dorewa da aminci kamar kowane abin hawa.
Babban fa'idar ƙwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen shine Suna samar da wutar lantarki ba tare da fitar da gurbatacciyar iska mai illa ga muhalli ba. Iyakar abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne ruwa, wanda ke sa motocin hydrogen cell suna la'akari da "sifirin hayaki." Bugu da kari, suna ba da babban ikon cin gashin kai idan aka kwatanta da batura na abin hawa na al'ada, tunda tsarin caji yana da sauri kuma yana kama da cika tankin mai.
Sauran fa'idodin amfani da batirin hydrogen a cikin motoci sune:
- Sifili sifili na gida: Abin da kawai ake fitarwa shi ne tururin ruwa, wanda ke taimakawa matuka wajen rage gurbacewar iska da iska a cikin birane.
- Tsawaita ikon cin gashin kai: Motocin cell hydrogen na iya samun tsayin gudu kafin su buƙaci caji, wanda zai sa su fi dacewa da tafiya mai nisa.
- Saurin caji: Cike tankin hydrogen na iya ɗaukar ƴan mintuna kaɗan, kwatankwacin lokacin da ake ɗaukan cika tankin mai.
- Sassaucin amfani: Ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin hydrogen a aikace-aikace iri-iri, ba kawai a cikin abin hawa ba, har ma a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki irin su janareto da tsarin wutar lantarki.
- Ingantaccen makamashi: Kwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen na iya zama mafi inganci ta fuskar canjin makamashi idan aka kwatanta da injunan konewa na ciki.
- Gudunmawa ga makamashi mai sabuntawa: Ana iya samar da hydrogen da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen daga tushe masu sabuntawa, kamar hasken rana da wutar lantarki, ta hanyar da ake kira electrolysis.
Matsalolin kwayar hydrogen a cikin motoci
Duk da yake gaskiya ne cewa hydrogen yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun abubuwan sinadarai akan tebur na lokaci-lokaci saboda sau nawa yana faruwa, samun shi ba komai bane illa mai sauƙi.
Hydrogen gas ne mara lahani gaba daya a dakin da zafin jiki da matsa lamba, amma hydrogen da kanta ba ya wanzu kamar yadda ake tarawa. Babu hydrogen a cikin ƙasa, kuma ba ya girma daga bishiyoyi. Kasancewarsa yana da alaƙa da wasu abubuwan da muke buƙatar raba shi: misali, ruwa, H2O, ya ƙunshi atom ɗin hydrogen guda biyu da oxygen atom ɗaya.
Don ware hydrogen (H2), dole ne a raba ruwa zuwa wutar lantarki ta hanyar iskar gas da ake kira electrolysis. Ana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa don samun iskar oxygen (O) a gefe guda da kuma hydrogen (H2) mai tsabta don adana shi a daya bangaren.
Hakanan ana iya samun hydrogen ta hanyar gyaran ruwa na hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon ko biomass gasification, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ko algae bioproduction, da babban keken thermochemical (amfani da makamashin nukiliya ko hasken rana).
Wani al'amurran da suka fi rikitarwa da ke da alaƙa da hydrogen shine ajiyarsa. Gas ne mai saurin canzawa wanda girmansa ya kai 0,0899 kg/m3 kawai, don haka kiyaye wannan gas a ƙarƙashin matsin yana nufin ƙara abubuwa masu nauyi sosai don ajiye shi a cikin tanki. Tare da fasaha na yanzu kusan ba zai yuwu a ba da garantin asara ba, galibi saboda cikawa / ɓarna bawuloli.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai batun batun mai: ba shi da sauƙi. A Spain, inda a halin yanzu muna da hanyar sadarwa mara kyau, akwai tsire-tsire na hydrogen guda bakwai kawai: biyu a Huesca, ɗaya a Zaragoza, ɗaya a Madrid, ɗaya a Albacete, ɗaya a Puertollano, ɗaya a Seville. A cikin 2017 an yi hasashen cewa za a iya samun tsire-tsire na hydrogen guda 20 nan da 2020, amma gaskiyar ta bambanta.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da ƙwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen a cikin motoci da halayen su.