A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan abinci mai yawa. The heterotrophic abinci mai gina jiki Yana daya daga cikin kwayoyin da ba su da ikon samar da abincinsu da makamashi dole ne a shigar da su daga cin kwayoyin halittu kamar dabbobi da tsirrai. Akwai nau'ikan abinci mai yawa na heterotrophic da dabbobin da suke da shi.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da duk halaye, aiki da kwayoyin halittar da abinci mai heterotrophic yake.
Babban fasali
Makamashin halittu tare da Abincin abinci mai gina jiki ya fito ne daga cin ƙwayoyin mahadi, kamar ƙwayoyin dabbobi ko tsirrai.
Misali, zomo da ke cin latas yana da irin wannan abinci mai gina jiki saboda yana samun abincinsa daga wani waje. Yana kama da zaki yana cin barewa. Sabanin haka, tsirrai, algae, da sauran halittu halittu ne masu sarrafa kansu saboda suna iya yin nasu abincin.
A wannan ma'anar, lokacin da aka sarrafa abubuwan da ake cinyewa kuma aka canza su zuwa abubuwa masu sauƙi, ƙwayoyin heterotrophic suna samun abubuwan gina jiki. Waɗannan suna shaƙa da jiki kuma ana amfani da su a cikin matakai daban -daban na rayuwa.
Tushen kuzari na abinci mai gina jiki daban -daban. Sabili da haka, ana kiran kwayoyin da ke cin gurɓatattun ruwa da ruwa holozoic, da kuma halittun da ke cin abubuwa masu ruɓewa ana kiransu da suna organisms saprophytes. Hakanan akwai parasites, waɗanda ke rayuwa akan kuɗin mai masaukin.
Kwayoyin halittar abinci mai gina jiki
Kwayoyin da ke da abinci mai gina jiki ba sa yin abincinsu. A cikin sarkar abinci mai gina jiki an rarrabe su a matsayin masu amfani, saboda duk kuzari don mahimman matakai yana fitowa daga cin abinci, ko na kayan lambu ko asalin dabbobi. Sabili da haka, manyan masu amfani, kamar zomaye da shanu, suna cin abinci kai tsaye daga masu samar da tsire -tsire. Dangane da masu amfani da sakandare, wanda kuma aka sani da masu cin nama, suna farauta da cin masu amfani na farko ko ciyawa.
Juyin halitta, dabbobi tare da abinci mai gina jiki sun sami canje -canje na ilimin halittar jiki da na ilimin halittar jiki, wanda ya basu damar dacewa da nau'ikan abincin da suke ci. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da komai daga kayan lambu masu taushi, kamar letas da ciyawa, zuwa bawon kunkuru da kasusuwa. Hakanan, akwai bambance -bambance a cikin rabo na fiber, mai da abun cikin furotin.
Misali, a cikin gorilla ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna fitowa sama sama da muƙamuƙi na sama, wanda ake kira protrusion mandibular. Hakanan, yana da madaidaicin sagittal crest akan kwanyar. Waɗannan sifofin kwarangwal sune ginshiƙan ƙwayar tsoka mai ƙarfi da ke hade da muƙamuƙi, yana ba shi damar yanke, niƙa, da niƙa abinci.
Wani bambancin ilimin halittar jiki yana faruwa a cikin ciki. Ciki na masu dabbobi kamar tumaki, shanu, barewa, da awaki suna da sassa huɗu: rumen, raga, ciki, da abomasum, yayin da mutane ke da ramin ciki guda ɗaya kawai.
A cikin abincin heterotrophic, akwai tushen abinci da yawa. Wasu dabbobi suna cin kayan marmari (herbivores), wasu suna cin dabbobi (masu cin nama), wasu kuma na iya cinye duka a lokaci guda. Koyaya, abincin dabbobin heterotrophic yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, gami da yalwar abinci da canjin yanayi.
Muhimmancin abinci mai gina jiki
Wasu kwayoyin da ke da abinci mai gina jiki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayi. Dangane da wannan, fungi na saprophytic yana taimakawa rage daraja matattun abubuwa a cikin abubuwa masu sauƙi. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa wa shuke -shuke kusa da waɗannan fungi su sha gurɓatattun abubuwan gina jiki.
Sauran kwayoyin da ke ba da gudummawa ga tsabtace muhalli sune kwayoyin saprophytic. Saboda tasirin su akan kayan aiki iri -iri, ana kiran su manyan masu lalata yanayi. Har ila yau, mutane suna amfani da karfin rushewar ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi. Don haka, yana amfani da su don lalata kwayoyin halitta kuma ya mai da su taki, wanda daga nan ake amfani da shi azaman taki don haɓaka haɓakar shuka.
Iri
Holozoic abinci mai gina jiki
Holozoic abinci mai gina jiki wani nau'in abinci ne da ƙwayoyin ke ci a cikin ruwa da abinci mai ƙarfi, waɗanda ake sarrafawa a cikin tsarin narkewa. Ta wannan hanyar, kwayoyin halittu ana fitar da su cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda daga nan sai jiki ya mamaye su.
Misali, furotin da ke cikin nama ana juyar da shi zuwa amino acid kuma ya zama wani bangare na sel na mutum. Bayan wannan tsari, ana cire abubuwan gina jiki, ciki har da ruwa, sauran barbashin kuma ana fitar da su daga jiki.
Wannan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki na heterotrophic shine siffa ta musamman mutane, dabbobi, da wasu halittu masu rai guda (kamar amoebas). Kwayoyin da ke gabatar da wannan abinci mai gina jiki sune:
- Ganye: dabbobin da ke cikin wannan rukunin suna cin abinci musamman akan tsirrai. A cikin sarkar abinci, ana ɗaukar su manyan masu amfani. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyoyi daban -daban gwargwadon nau'ikan nau'ikan tushen shuka da suke cinyewa. Dabbobin daji sun haɗa da shanu, zomaye, raƙuman ruwa, barewa, tumaki, pandas, hippos, giwaye, da llamas.
- Masu cin nama: masu cin nama suna samun kuzari da duk buƙatunsu na abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar cin nama (ta hanyar ƙaddara ko ta cin nama). A wasu lokuta, tana iya rayuwa gaba ɗaya akan nama, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake ɗaukar ta mai tsananin ƙarfi ko gaskiya. Koyaya, kuna iya cin ƙananan kayan lambu lokaci -lokaci, amma tsarin narkar da ku ba zai iya narkar da su yadda yakamata ba. A cikin wannan rukunin akwai zakuna, kuraye, damisa, coyotes da gaggafa.
- Kasanni dabbobin da ke cin tsirrai da dabbobi sun fada cikin wannan rukuni. Suna da yawa kuma suna da dama, tsarin narkewar su na iya sarrafa kayan lambu da nama, kodayake bai dace musamman don aiwatar da wasu abubuwan sinadaran da ke cikin abincin biyu ba. Wasu misalai na wannan rukunin mutane ne, aladu, hankaka, raccoons, piranhas, da bears, ban da belar pola da pandas.
Saprophytic abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin saprophytic shine ɗayan inda tushen abinci ya mutu kuma yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta. Daga waɗannan, suna samun kuzari don yin muhimman ayyukansu. A cikin wannan rukunin akwai fungi da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Don rushe abubuwan da ake ci, saprophytes suna sakin enzymes waɗanda ke aiki akan ƙwayoyin hadaddun kuma suna mai da su abubuwa masu sauƙi. Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen kuzarin abinci.
Wannan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki yana buƙatar wasu yanayi na musamman don ya faru da kyau. Waɗannan sun haɗa da yanayin danshi da kasancewar iskar oxygen, kodayake yisti baya buƙatar shi don haɓaka abinci. Bugu da ƙari, pH na matsakaici wanda aka samo shi dole ne ya zama tsaka tsaki ko ɗan acidic, kuma dole zafin ya yi ɗumi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da abinci mai heterotrophic zuwa halayensa.