Ci gaban tattalin arziki da masana'antu a manyan biranen yana haifar da babbar matsalar gurɓatar iska. Daya daga cikin illolin tasirin tarin iska mai gurɓata gari a cikin shine hayaki. Game da gurbatar yanayi ne wanda ke cutar da lafiyarmu ta hanyar tara iskar gas mai cutarwa a cikin yanayin garin.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da hayaƙin hoto, da halayensa, yadda yake shafar lafiya da yadda ake rage ta.
Mene ne hayaki mai daukar hoto kuma yaya ake samar da shi?
Smog sakamakon babban gurɓatar iska ne, musamman hayaki daga ƙona kwal, kodayake hayaƙin iskar gas daga masana'antu ko masana'antu da motoci na haifar da shi. Watau, smog wani nau'in girgije ne wanda gurɓacewar yanayi ke haifarwa, domin kamar girgije ne mai datti. Kalmar turanci tana son yin izgili don baiwa wannan hazo laƙabi. An san shi da hayaƙi (hayaƙi) da hazo (hazo).
Babban gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu shine nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), nitroacetyl peroxide (PAN), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Wasu sunadaran sunadaran sunadaran kuma wasu basu kone ba, amma hasken hydrocarbons da motoci ke fitarwa kamar yadda nayi bayani a baya.
Wani muhimmin mahimmin shine hasken rana, saboda yana haifar da 'yanci kyauta, wanda yana ƙaddamar da tsarin sunadarai wanda ya samar da wannan gajimaren. Wani lokacin ruwan lemu ne saboda NO2, amma al'ada ce ta zama launin toka. Ofayan misalai na musamman shine sararin China ko Japan.
Haɗuwar iskar gas ɗin da aka ambata shine sanadin samuwar "gajimare" mai kama da hayaƙi. Idan aka haɗe shi da matsin lamba, iska mai daskarewa takan samar da hazo maimakon rowan ruwa. A wasu lokuta, mai guba na yanayi. Wannan shine ake kira smog. Hakanan yana iya ɗaukar sifar ruwan sama da hazo.
Illolin illa ga muhalli
Baya ga mummunan tasirin da ke cikin shimfidar wuri, akwai kuma mummunan tasiri a cikin mahalli. Misali, yana gyaggyara dukkan tsarin kayan zaki kansa, yayin da gurbatattun abubuwa a cikin iska kai tsaye ko a kaikaice suke tasiri ga ci gaban halittar. Hakanan yana rage ganuwa sosai. Lokacin da muke cikin birni mai yawan hayaƙin hoto hangen nesa na iya rage zuwa 'yan dubun mitoci kawai. Rage ganuwa ba kawai a kwance ba ne, amma kuma a tsaye ne, kuma ba za a iya ganin sama ba.
Lokacin da wannan abin ya kasance da yawa, babu gajimare ko sararin sama mai haske. Hakanan babu daren dare. Kuna iya ganin mayafi mai rawaya, launin toka mai ruwan toka akan mu. Ka tuna cewa ɗayan mummunan tasirin yanayi su ne canje-canje a cikin yanayin wurin kamar canje-canje a cikin tsarin ruwan sama da ƙara zafi. Wannan ƙaruwar yanayin zafin yana zuwa ne daga sake jujjuyawar hasken rana daga saman iskar gas da kuma komawa zuwa saman. Yana aiki ne kamar gas na greenhouse wanda ke tayar da radiation ultraviolet.
A gefe guda, ana canza ruwan sama kamar yadda gurɓatattun abubuwa da ke cikin dakatarwar carbon ke haifar da raguwar matakan ruwan sama.
Illolin kiwon lafiya mara kyau na smog
Kamar yadda ake tsammani, wannan lamari na gurɓata ma yana da mummunan sakamako ga lafiyar mutane. Bari mu ga menene waɗannan sakamakon:
- Mutanen da ke zaune a cikin gurɓatattun birane galibi suna da damuwa da idanunsu da tsarin numfashi.
- Yara da tsofaffi sun fi kowa rauni baya ga duk mutanen da ke da matsalar huhu.
- Yana iya haifar da emphysema, asma ko mashako da wasu cututtukan zuciya.
- Mutanen da ke da rashin lafiyan jiki na iya ƙara muni saboda yanayin an fi ɗora su sosai a ranakun damina don sanya gurɓatattun abubuwa.
- Yana iya haifar da ƙarancin numfashi, ciwon makogwaro, tari, da rage ƙarfin huhu.
- Yana haifar da karancin jini saboda ɗimbin haɓakar iskar gas da ke toshe musayar iskar oxygen a cikin jini da huhu.
- A ƙarshe, yana iya haifar da saurin tsufa.
Daga cikin manyan biranen duniya tare da yawan gurɓataccen yanayi da muke da shi London wanda ya sha wahala sosai a baya daga hayaƙin hoto. Wasu yankuna suna inganta ingancin iska albarkacin farillai daban-daban kuma an ƙirƙiri wuraren da babu hayaki. Albarkacin wannan, an dakatar da wasu masana’antu daga aiki kamar yadda aka hana su shiga yankin tsakiyar motar.
Har ila yau, Los Angeles babban birni ne mai tsananin ƙazanta. Kasancewa cikin damuwa kewaye da tsaunuka yana da wahala ga gas ya tsere. A halin yanzu, har yanzu bai yi wani abu ba don rage matakin gurɓatata.
Rage gurbatawa
Don rage gurɓata, dole ne gwamnatoci da manyan kamfanoni su yarda. Don wannan dole ne mu goyi bayan 'yan ƙasa da yanayinmu. Za'a iya yaƙar wannan sabon yanayin gurɓataccen yanayi ta hanyar ruwan sama da iska mai tsaftace sabuwar rayuwa da la'antar abubuwan da ke kewaye da su. Yakamata ku rage gurbatar yanayi domin a tsabtace yanayi. Mafi yawanci akwai gurbatar yanayi a yankunan da akwai iska kaɗan da ƙarancin ruwan sama. Duk wannan yana fassara zuwa cikin babban matakin gurɓatawa.
Gwamnatoci da manyan kamfanoni na iya yanke shawara don rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska tunda yawancin masana'antun masana'antu ne ke samar da su. A ƙarshe, dole ne citizensan ƙasa suyi iyakar ƙoƙarinsu ta amfani da mota ƙasa kaɗan, ɗaukar jigilar jama'a ko keke da rage yawan wutar lantarki. Akwai alamomi masu sauki a cikin zamaninmu zuwa yau kamar yadda yake ƙirƙirar ƙarin sarari kore, lambuna na tsaye, ko zuwa ko'ina ta amfani da jigilar jama'a hakan na iya taimaka mana matuka wajen rage gurɓacewa.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin za ku iya koyo game da shan sigari, halaye da illolin da ke tattare da muhalli da lafiya.