Kowane lokaci muna da kusanci da ƙarin dama don maye gurbin ƙarfin kuzari zuwa waɗanda ake sabuntawa. Wannan ya nuna ta ƙasashen arewacin Turai, kuma ba tada da matatun mai kamar yadda suka fara a cikin shekaru 70, amma don amfani da cikakken ƙarfin kuzarin iska.
Wannan haka lamarin yake ga Hywind Scotland, gonar iska ta farko da take shawagi a kan teku, wanda kamfanin mai na jama'a na kasar Norway Statoil ya gina tare da haɗin gwiwar kamfanin Ƙarfafawa da karfin daga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa Masdar. Wanne, kwanakin baya, ya fara aiki a cikin ruwan Tekun Arewa, a Buchan Deep, kilomita 25 daga garin Peterhead na Scotland.
Gidan iska mai shawagi
Matsalar makamashin iska daga cikin teku tana kalubalantar zurfin teku. A cewar kamfanin sadarwa Statoil, har zuwa 80% na yiwuwar wuraren iska masu iska a cikin teku suna cikin ruwa mai zurfin zurfin mita 60. Kafaffen turbines da ke cika gonaki na iska na ƙasar waje Sun fi dacewa ne kawai don zurfin da bai fi mita 50 ba, amma don gonar iska mai iyo, waɗannan gine-ginen suna sauƙaƙe kama makamashi a muhallin da zurfin sama da mita 500. Rakunan turbin guda biyar da aka girka a aikin farko tare da hatimin Hywind suna da tsayin mita 253, wanda 78 daga ciki suna ƙasa da farfajiyar.
A cewar wasu jami’an Statoil da dama, “Gine-gine da ci gaban aikin, wanda aka fara shi shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata, an yi shi kwata-kwata kamar yadda aka tsara. Manufar Hywind Scotland Ya dogara ne akan zanga-zangar matukin jirgi mai shawagi wanda muka girka a cikin 2009 a gefen Karmøy a yammacin Norway. Mun yi amfani da kwarewar wannan aikin, muna sauya sikelin turbine na farko daga megawatts 2,3 zuwa 6 MW, wanda ya shafi jimlar girman ”.
Ginin
El aikin a cikin kanta, ya wuce euro miliyan 230, ya mamaye yanki mai girman kilomita 15. Don samun ra'ayin kan hasumiya girmaYa isa a san cewa a cikin gondolas, abin da ke da alhakin tallafawa kayan injin turbin da juyawa don bin hanyar iska, ya dace da motocin safa biyu mai taya biyu Mazauna Landan, da kuma cewa sandunan rotor, masu hannu-da-hannu kan turba, masu tsayin mita 75 da nauyin 25 tan, suna da fukafukan jirgin Airbus 380.
Babban kalubalen gini shi ne hada injinan iska, kowannensu nauyinsa ya kai tan 12.000. Don haɗuwa da injinan iska guda biyar, waɗanda aka gudanar a ƙasar Norway a wannan bazarar, ya zama dole a koma ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan kwana manyan marinas a duniya, da Saipem 7000, an umurce su da su ja su zuwa ga ƙarshen zangon su a gabar Peterhead.
Saboda girman girman sa, angareshi shine sauran kalubalen. Don anga hasumiyoyin, an yi amfani da anka na tsotse goma sha biyar (uku ga kowane turbine), tsawon mita 16 da aunawa Tan 300, an haɗa shi da injinan iska tare da sarƙoƙi mara nauyi tsawon mita 2.400 da nauyin tan 1.200.
Wannan gonar iska mai shawagi tana da karfin MW 300, wanda zai ba ta damar samar da makamashi ga gidaje 20.000.
Makasudin gaba
Manufar masu aikin shigarwa, wadanda suke shirin kaiwa 500 ko 1000 MW a cikin ayyukan gaba, shine sanya tsadar makamashin iska cikin tsada. “A shekarar 2030 za mu so a rage farashin makamashi na gonar iska ta Hywind da ke yawo a kan Euro 40-60 / megawatt awa. Ana sa ran ikon iska na teku na cikin teku zai yi muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɓakar iska a cikin teku nan gaba ”, ya bayyana a cikin wata sanarwa ga manema labarai Irene Rummelhoff, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na yankin kasuwanci na New Energy Solutions a Statoil, wani kamfani da ke shiga cikin kashi 50% na filin iska na Arkona na cikin teku a Jamus, wanda zai fara aiki a cikin 2019, kuma a cikin 40% na aikin nan gaba na shigarwar hasken rana 162MW Apodi a cikin Brazil.
Ministar Makamashi ta Scotland Nicola Sturgeon na murnar bikin rantsar da sabuwar gonar iska mai shawagi, wanda zai ba su “damar jagorantar tseren duniya don haɓaka ƙarni na gaba na fasahar iska ta cikin teku ”.
'Yan adawa
Kodayake, Hywind Scotland ya samo adawa na kungiyar kare muhalli ta Bird Charity RSPB Scotland, kan aiwatar da manyan gonaki na iska a gabashin ruwan Scotland da ke yin barazana, a cewar wannan ƙungiyar, yankunan kariya ga rayuwar nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsayen teku.