Arfin iska ya zama babban tushen samar da makamashi don canza samfurin makamashi, mai tsabta kuma mai ɗorewa. Ingantaccen fasaha ya baiwa wasu gonakin iska damar samar da lantarki a farashi mai sauki kamar kwal ko shuke-shuke da makamashin nukiliya. Shakka babu cewa kuzarin da muke fuskanta yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani, amma tsohon yayi nasara ta babban nasara. Kuma akwai da yawa fa'idodin makamashin iska.
A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku abin da ke cikin fa'idodin makamashin iska yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban makamashi na duniya.
Menene
Abu na farko shine sanin menene wannan nau'in makamashi. Windarfin iska shine ƙarfin da ake samu daga iska. Nau'in kuzari ne wanda aikin iska ke fitarwa. Zamu iya canza wannan makamashin zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar janareta. Shi ne mai tsabta, da sabunta da kuma gurbatawa-free makamashi da cewa zai iya taimaka maye gurbin makamashin da generated da burbushin habaka.
Kasar da ta fi kowace kasa samar da makamashi ta iska ita ce Amurka, sai kuma kasashen Jamus, China, Indiya da Spain. A Latin Amurka, mafi girman furodusa ita ce Brazil. A Spain, wutar iska tana samar da wutar lantarki daidai da na gidaje miliyan 12, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 18% na bukatar kasar. Wannan yana nufin cewa mafi yawan koren makamashi da kamfanonin wutar lantarki na ƙasar ke bayarwa sun fito ne daga gonakin iska.
Ayyuka
Ana samun makamashin iska ta hanyar sauya motsi na ruwan wukake na injin mai amfani da iska zuwa makamashin lantarki. Injin injin iska janareta ne da injin turbin yake tukawa, kuma wanda ya gabace shi injin ƙera iska ne. Motar iska tana da hasumiya; tsarin sanyawa yana a ƙarshen hasumiyar, a ƙarshenta na sama. Ana amfani da kabad don haɗawa da cibiyar sadarwar lantarki a ƙasan hasumiyar; kwandon da aka rataye shi ne firam wanda ke ɗauke da sassan inji na injin kuma ya zama tushen tushe; ana jan shaft da rotor a gaban ruwan wukake; akwai birkiyoyi, masu ninkawa, janareto da tsarin daidaita wutar lantarki a cikin nacelle.
An haɗa ruwan wukake zuwa rotor, wanda kuma aka haɗa shi da shaft (wanda yake a magnetic pole), wanda ke aika ƙarfin juyawa zuwa janareta. Generator yana amfani da maganadisu don samar da lantarki, don haka yana samar da wutar lantarki.
Filin iskar yana watsa wutar da cibiyar ta ke samarwa zuwa tashar rarrabawa ta igiyoyi, kuma ana samar da makamashin da ake samarwa zuwa tashar rarrabawa sannan a mika shi ga mai amfani na karshe.
Amfanin makamashin iska
Akwai fa'idodi da yawa na makamashin iska wanda yakamata mu raba su domin shiga daki daki.
Energyarfin da ba ya karewa ne kuma yana ɗaukar ƙaramin fili
Yana da tushen sabuntawar makamashi. Iska wata matattara ce mai yawan gaske wacce ba ta karewa, wacce ke nufin cewa a koyaushe za ka iya dogaro da asalin makamashi, wanda ke nufin hakan Babu ranar karewa. Hakanan, ana iya amfani dashi a wurare da yawa a duniya.
Don samarwa da adana adadin wutar lantarki ɗaya, gonakin iska suna buƙatar ƙasa ƙasa da ta photovoltaics. Hakanan ana iya juyawa, wanda ke nufin cewa yankin da shakatawa ke zaune za'a iya dawo dashi cikin sauƙi don sabunta yankin da ake ciki a baya.
Baya gurɓata kuma yana da tsada
Windarfin iska yana ɗayan mahimman tsaran makamashi bayan hasken rana. Dalilin haka shi ne cewa ba tsarin konewa bane yayin aiwatar da shi. Saboda haka, baya samar da iskar gas mai guba ko ƙazantar shara. Thearfin makamashi na injin injin iska ya yi kama da ƙarfin makamashi na kilogram 1.000 na mai.
Bugu da ƙari, turbine kanta yana da tsawon rai sosai kafin a cire shi don zubar dashi. Kudin iska da injin gyaran injin turbin sunyi karanci. A cikin yankunan da ke da iska mai ƙarfi, farashin kowace kilowatt na kayan aiki yana da ƙasa kaɗan. A wasu lokuta, farashin samarwa iri ɗaya ne da kwal ko ma ƙarfin nukiliya.
Advantagesarin fa'idodi da rashin amfanin makamashin iska
Wannan nau'in makamashi ya dace da sauran ayyukan tattalin arziki. Waɗannan babban matsayi ne a cikin ni'ima. Misali, ayyukan gona da na dabbobi suna rayuwa tare cikin aiki tare da ayyukan gonakin iska. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba zai sami mummunan tasiri ga tattalin arzikin cikin gida ba, kuma yana bawa cibiyar damar kirkirar sabbin hanyoyin samun arziki ba tare da ta katse ci gaban ayyukanta na gargajiya ba.
A gefe guda, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, ba duka ba ne fa'idojin ƙarfin iska, amma akwai wasu fa'idodi. Bari mu bincika kowane ɗayansu:
Iska ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba a adana makamashi
Windarfin iska ba shi da tabbas, saboda haka ba koyaushe ake samun hasashen samarwa ba, musamman a cikin ƙananan kayan aiki na ɗan lokaci. Don rage haɗari, saka hannun jari a cikin irin waɗannan wurare koyaushe na dogon lokaci, don haka lissafin dawowarsa ya fi aminci. Ana iya fahimtar wannan ƙarancin tare da yanki ɗaya na bayanai: injin iska ba za su iya yin aiki kawai ba a ƙarƙashin gust na 10 zuwa 40 km / h. A ƙananan gudu, kuzarin ba shi da riba, yayin da yake cikin gudu mafi sauri, yana wakiltar haɗarin jiki ga tsarin.
Energyarfi ne wanda ba za a iya adana shi ba, amma dole ne a sha shi nan take idan aka samar da shi. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba zata iya samar da cikakken madadin amfani da wasu nau'ikan makamashi ba.
Tasirin yanayi da kuma halittu masu yawa
Manya-manyan gonakin iska suna da tasirin tasirin wuri mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya ganin su daga nesa mai nisa. Matsakaicin tsayin hasumiya / injin turbin ya fito daga mita 50 zuwa 80, kuma an daga ruwan wukake da karin mita 40. Tasirin kwalliya akan shimfidar ƙasa wani lokacin yakan haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali ga mazaunan yankin.
Gidajen iska na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga rayuwar tsuntsaye, musamman ma masu fyaɗe waɗanda ke aiki da dare. Tasirin kan tsuntsaye saboda gaskiyar cewa sanduna masu juyawa na iya motsawa cikin saurin har zuwa 70 km / h. Tsuntsayen ba za su iya hango filafilin a wannan hanzarin ba kuma su yi karo da su ta mutuwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da fa'idojin ƙarfin iska da wasu lamuran sa.