Babu shakka makamashi masu sabuntawa makoma a matsakaici da dogon lokaci, bukatar neman wasu nau'ikan makamashi don maye gurbin karancin burbushin halittu
Idan mukayi magana game da makamashin geothermal, zamu koma zuwa wani nau'in makamashi mai sabuntawa gaba daya, amma idan anyi amfani dashi kai tsaye yana da girmaWatau, karfin sabunta tafkin ya gaza karfin hakar, ya ce za a rasa sabuntawa.
Menene makamashin geothermal?
Geothermal makamashi shine makamashi mai sabuntawa wannan yana amfani da zafin ƙasa na ƙasa zuwa yanayin iska da samun ruwan sha mai tsafta ta hanyar yanayin muhalli. Kodayake ɗayan ɗayan hanyoyin sabunta makamashi ne kasan sani, tasirinsa yana da ban mamaki don birgewa a cikin yanayi. Tabbas dukkanmu muna iya tuna hotunan dutsen Etna a cikin Sicily a cikin cikakkiyar fashewa, mun taɓa gwada tasirin annashuwa na ruwan zafi ko jin daɗin fumaroles da geysers, kamar waɗanda suke a wurin shakatawa na Timanfaya a Lanzarote, misali.
Kusan koyaushe, amfani da shi kai tsaye don samar da wutar lantarki yana faruwa ne kawai a wasu wurare a duniya, inda akwai wasu yanayi. musamman musammanDuk da yake idan kuna son yin amfani da shi don dalilai na zafin jiki, ana iya samun damar haɓaka sosai.
Aplicaciones
Aikace-aikace na geothermal ya dogara da halayen kowane tushe. Babban albarkatun geothermal (sama da 100-150ºC) yawanci ana amfani dasu don samar da wutar lantarki. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na tafki bai isa ba don samar da makamashin lantarki, manyan aikace-aikacen sa suna da ɗumi-ɗumi a masana'antu, aiyuka da kuma wuraren zama.
Historia
Sweden ce ƙasar Turai ta farko da ta fara amfani da makamashin geothermal, sakamakon matsalar mai a 1979. A wasu ƙasashe kamar su Finland, Amurka, Japan, Jamus, Holland da Faransa, makamashin geothermal sanannen makamashi ne wanda aka aiwatar da shi shekaru da yawa.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Idan mukayi magana game da fa'idodi da rashin amfanin wannan tushen sabuntawa, mai zuwa ya tsaya waje:
Abũbuwan amfãni
- Yana da gaba daya kyauta da na gida, Tunda bai dogara da wasu kamfanoni don amfanin sa ba.
- Abun sabuntawa ne a yanayi, tare da abin da ma'anar ma'anar iskar gas daga sakamako na greenhouse, kuma musamman, carbon dioxide.
- Ya fi son ci gaban masana'antar cikin gida, ban da ƙirƙirar wani nau'in cancantar aiki.
Abubuwan da ba a zata ba
- Aiki thermodynamic na wuraren ba su da yawa.
- Ana buƙatar manyan saka hannun jari gaba ɗaya don cin gajiyar su lantarki wannan albarkatun, lokacin da ƙari ban da ƙarfin hakar ba shi da girma.
- Yin amfani da ajiyar koyaushe yana ƙunshe da wani mataki na rashin tabbas, musamman saboda bambancin damar sa a cikin binciken da amfani. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da babban bambanci a fa'idar ayyukan.
- Dole ne a yi amfani da albarkatu kusa da wurin asalin, don haka wani lokacin ana samun wuraren nesa da cibiyoyin birane, asali idan ana samar da lantarki.
Otherarfin ƙasa a cikin Spain
A Spain amfani da wannan tushen makamashi kusan ba komai bane, kodayake hakan baya nufin bashi da wata fa'ida. Game da samar da wutar lantarki, kawai Canary Islands Saboda asalinsu daga aman wuta, zasu sami damar da zata iya ba da damar gabatar da kafuwa, yayin da amfani da su don dalilan zafin jiki ana iya amfani da su a wurare da yawa.
Sabbin labarai suna haifar mana da gaskiyar cewa Galicia na iya zama ɗayan manyan biranen amfani da makamashin geothermal don dumama, kwandishan da ruwan zafi a cikin gine-gine. Har ma an yi magana game da kamfanin ƙera famfo mai zafi na farko
Wannan ya bambanta da gaskiyar wasu ƙasashe, irin wannan shine batun Chile, inda shuka na farko na geothermal a Amurka ta Kudu , tare da saka hannun jari sama da dala miliyan 320, wanda zai samar da makamashi ga iyalai 165000.
Wurin lantarki 48 MW ne wanda aka girka wanda zai samar da kimanin 340 GWh a kowace shekara.
Cire ƙaramin ruwan zafin daga ƙasan Duniyar kuma amfani da shi, misali, a dumama ɗakunan shan iska, yana da fa'ida akan noman kayan lambu, Tunda an ba shi izinin yin noma daga wasu nau'o'in kayan lambu na zamani waɗanda ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba in ba haka ba.
A ɓangaren zama da sabis, ana iya amfani da wannan albarkatun saboda yana buƙatar makamashi daga low enthalpy.
Fitattun misalai na waɗannan amfani na iya zama aikin sanyaya iska na dandamali, ɗakunan fasaha da harabar kasuwanci na Tashar Metro ta Pacífico a cikin garin Madrid.