Ritananan abubuwa

detritivorous

A cikin yanayin halittu da sarkar abinci akwai nau'ikan halittu daban-daban dangane da abincin su. Dabbobi masu cutarwa Heterotrophs ne waɗanda ke ciyar da lalata ƙwayoyin halitta kuma suna iya samun ƙarfin da suke buƙata don cika muhimman ayyukansu. Wadannan dabbobin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita yanayin halittu.

Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku dukkan halaye, hanyar rayuwa da mahimmancin dabbobi masu banƙyama.

Babban fasali

ƙwaro

Idan muka binciki yanayin halittu zamu ga cewa tarkace suna samuwa a kasa a kasan jikin ruwa. Ba komai bane face sakamakon ruɓewar tsirrai da dabbobi akan lokaci. Ritananan ƙwayoyin halitta suna ciyar da abubuwan da suka fito daga dabbobi masu cin nama, masu cin ciyawa da dabbobi masu samarwa na farko amma idan sun riga sun kasance cikin yanayi na lalacewa.

Idan mukayi nazari akan sarkar abinci mun ga cewa masu lalata suna a matakin qarshe. Wannan saboda suna da alhakin bayar da gudummawa ga lalacewa da sake yin amfani da dukkanin kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin halittu. Mutane da yawa suna rikitar da kalmomin da ke lalata su da masu ruɓewa. Tsakanin waɗannan ra'ayoyin guda biyu akwai wasu bambance-bambance waɗanda suke da alaƙa da halayyar ƙungiyoyin biyu don samun abubuwan gina jiki. Idan muka yi nazarin yanayin mahallin halittu da aikin kowane mahada a sarkar abinci, zamu ga cewa masu lalata abubuwa da masu lalata su suna da aiki iri daya, kodayake akwai bambance-bambance wajen samun kuzari.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin masu lalata da lalata abubuwa

Bazuwar sun sami narkar da kayan abinci tuni a cikin substrate ta hanyar shanyewar osmotic. A cikin wannan rukuni akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi. A gefe guda kuma, dabbobi masu lalacewa na iya samun abinci mai gina jiki daga bazuwar kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar phagotrophy. Fagotrophy ya kunshi cinye kananan tarin tarkace. Daga cikin wasu mahimman kungiyoyi masu wakiltar abubuwa masu banƙyama zamu ga slugs, kaguwa da fiddler, wasu kifi mallakar dangin Loricariidae da ƙwarin duniya.

Mun sani cewa tsutsotsi na duniya suna da aikin aikin fitar da iskar oxygen da ke ƙasa. Suna da mahimmanci yayin da suke taimakawa sake sarrafawa da sabunta mawuyacin abu. Dabbobin heterotrophic ne tunda basu iya samar da abincin da suke ci. Dole ne su dauke shi daga bazuwar kwayoyin halitta kuma su canza lamarin zuwa na gina jiki da kuzari.

Mahimmancin abubuwan cutarwa

malam buɗe ido

A cikin tsarin halittu akwai samarwa da amfani. A cikin haɗin farko na sarkar muna da masu kera na farko. Waɗannan autan adam ne waɗanda ke iya ƙirƙirar abincinsu ta hanyar sinadarai ko makamashin haske. Shuke-shuke mallakar na farko kerawa. Da zarar an samar da lamarin a cikin sarkar abinci, waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin mai zuwa suna bi.

Masu amfani da firamare, na sakandare da manyan makarantu sune waɗanda suke, haɗi da mahaɗi, cinye ƙwayoyin abinci. Dukansu heterotrophs ne kuma ba sa iya yin abincinsu. Duk wannan sarkar tana haifar da ragowar da dole ne a share su don sake kunnawa. Anan ne mahimmancin abubuwan ƙyama suke. Sabili da haka, sun zama mahimmin ɓangare na kwararar kuzari a cikin halittu daban-daban da kuma sarƙar abinci.

Kari akan hakan, fungi da sauran kananan kwayoyin suna da alhakin canza najasar wadannan kungiyoyin dabbobi zuwa abubuwa kamar su carbon carbon inorganic wanda yake matsayin abinci ga masu samar da abinci na farko. An gabatar da wannan carbon din mara asali cikin ƙasa, yana rufe zagayowar. Abubuwan da ke iya ganowa a kusan dukkanin mahalli, kodayake mafi yawansu suna rayuwa a doron kasa. Koyaya, zamu iya samun ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari a cikin yanayin ruwa kamar wasu ɓawon burodi da kifi.

Tsarin narkewar abinci na wadannan kwayoyin halitta ya banbanta. A cikin su akwai kayan aiki na baka wanda ke shayar da tarkace. Wannan shine batun kifi wanda zai iya tsotse tarkace a cikin dakatarwa ko makalewa a gaɓar tekun. A wasu halaye kuma mun ga cewa bakinta yana da yanki wanda zai bashi damar tauna abin da yake tarwatsewa. Sauran suna da sifofi da aka sani da gizzards wadanda suka ƙunshi ƙwayoyin yashi daga ƙasa kuma tsari ne wanda ke taimakawa ruɓewa don ƙara murkushewa da haɓaka narkewa.

Ciyarwa da haifuwa

kwayoyin cutarwa

Ciyar da wadannan kwayoyin halitta ya ta'allaka ne akan tarkace. Wannan tarkacen wani muhimmin tushe ne na kuzari. Kuma yana cike da kwayoyin halitta wanda a cikinsa akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa waɗanda suke ƙara darajar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙwayar. Ana iya samun dukkan tarkace a cikin yanayin duniyar da ke cikin zuriyar dabbobi ko humus. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya zama waɗanda aka dakatar sannan su faɗo da yadudduka.

Masu keɓewa suna ɗaukar mafi girman ɓaɓɓan tarkace lokacin da suke cikin matakan farkon ɓarkewar kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan da aka cire yana da wadataccen potassium, sharar gida nitrogenous da phosphorus. Wadannan abubuwa sun canza kasar zuwa wani nau'ikan kayan abinci mai gina jiki sosai na shuke-shuke, wanda hakan yasa ya zama ingantacciyar hanyar rufe zagayen sarkar trophic. Waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki ne tsire-tsire ke sake amfani da shi don samar da albarkatun ƙasa da za a ci.

Game da haifuwa, akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na haifuwa. Tunda ƙungiya ce mai girma, mun sami ƙwaro, mollusks, slugs da wasu nau'in katantanwa. Hakanan muna da tsutsotsi na ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara waɗanda suke zaune cikin ƙasa da itacen da yake lalacewa. A cikin yanayin teku muna da nau'ikan kifi, echinoderms da wasu ɓawon burodi.

Saboda dabbobin da yawa da ke cikin rukunin masu ɓarna, muna samun haihuwa da jima'i. A cikin hayayyafa da suka gabata mun ga cewa wata kwayar halitta guda daya, ta hanyar tsarin sel, yana iya haifar da mutum ɗaya ko sama da ɗaya waɗanda ke da halaye iri ɗaya da kuma bayanin asalinsu. A cikin haihuwar jima'i mun ga cewa akwai buƙatar mutane da yawa su shiga don samar da kayan kwayar halitta, don haka mutane masu zuwa na gaba suma zasu bambanta da su.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da ƙwayoyin cuta masu banƙyama, halayensu da ayyukansu a cikin tsarin halittu.


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