Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da ruwa don amfanin mutum. Ofaya daga cikinsu shine ta hanyar ƙaddarawa. Ana aiwatar da wannan aikin sarrafa ruwan a cikin tsiro desalination shuka. Babban makasudin wannan shuka shuka shine sauya ruwan gishiri ko ruwan kwalliya zuwa ruwan da ya dace da amfanin ɗan adam, ban ruwa ko kuma amfanin masana'antu. Godiya ga cigaban fasaha, a kowace rana zaka ga yadda ake kamo karin ruwa don amfanin gaba.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da dukkan mahimman hanyoyin aiwatar da ƙanshin ruwan inabi kuma menene halaye na shuka tsirewar ruwa.
Matakan shuka tsire-tsire
Zamu duba menene matakai na farko wanda shuka tsabtace ruwa zai iya magance ruwa.
Ruwan ruwan teku
Dogaro da tsarin kamawa, ko dai a buɗe ta amfani da ɓarkewar ruwan ko rufe ta cikin rijiyoyi masu zurfin, sauran yankunan rairayin bakin teku, da dai sauransu. Za a iya guje wa matsaloli daban-daban. Duk waɗannan matakan girbin ruwan tekun zasu iya taimakawa wajen samun ingantaccen maganin ruwa mai zuwa.
Dogaro da binciken da ruwan da aka samu ta hanyar wani ko wata hanyar ta samu, suna nuna cewa rufe kamfunan sun fi dacewa tunda sune:
- Ruwan da ƙasa ke tace shi a baya, saboda haka akwai ƙananan daskararrun abubuwan da aka dakatar.
- Yana da ƙananan ayyukan ilmin halitta, don haka ana guje wa wasu abubuwa.
- Yanayin zafin jiki da sanadaran ruwan sun fi karko.
Jima'i
Hanya ce da shuka tsire-tsire ke amfani dashi don samun damar daidaita halayen-sunadarai da halaye na ɗabi'a da bukatun aikin ƙarancin ruwan. Ta wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a guji lalata, sikelin da lalacewar kayan aiki.
Zamu iya rarrabe matakai daban-daban na kulawa:
- Shirye-shiryen jiki da na sinadarai: yana ma'amala da wasu matakai irin su acidification, sikelin masu hanawa, fulawa, sarkakiya, raguwa da kuma shawagi. Disinfection, adsorption da degassing suma bangarorin wannan aikin ne.
- Tsarin membrane: Za'a iya amfani da fasahohi daban-daban don tace ƙananan ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar. Muna amfani da microfiltration, ultrafiltration ko nanofiltration membranes. Duk wannan ya dogara da girman ƙwayoyin. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun zo ne don hada wasu sabbin abubuwan dama a fagen ayyana abubuwa kamar su osmosis. Ana amfani da wannan lokacin da ruwaye ke da babban ƙarfin ɗaurewa.
- Pretreatments for distillation da evaporation matakai: Babban maƙasudin waɗannan matakan shine iya kawar da yuwuwar haɗuwar gishiri marasa narkewa da iskar gas marasa ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya rage haɓakar haɓakar zafin ruwan.
Tsarin zubar da ruwa
Da zarar tsiron ƙaddarawa ya riga ya aiwatar da aikin riga-kafin, akwai matakai daban-daban na tsarkakewa kamar narkewa, rabuwa da membrane da daskarewa. Koyaya, hanyar da ta fi dacewa don samun kyakkyawan ruwa idan aka kwatanta da aiwatarwa da farashin aiki shine ƙarancin osmosis. A cikin Spain muna da babban ma'auni don sake haifar da osmosis, tunda ana iya samun coeffificant na ƙimar tuba na 45%. Wannan yana nufin cewa, don samun sassa 45 na ruwan da aka tsarkake, ana buƙatar sassa 100 na ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Rage yawan amfani da tsarin karfin makamashi mai karfi ta hanyar shigar da tsarin kin karbar ruwa na kin karbar ruwa ya samo asali lokaci lokaci. Sun fara da Francis turbines, sun ci gaba tare da turbin Pelton kuma a yau akwai ɗakunan isobaric. . A zahiri, cinyewar cikin matakin osmosis sun sauka daga 8kWh / m3 a cikin 70s zuwa 2,3kWh / m3 a yau.
Bayan-magani a cikin tsiron ƙaddarawa
Wani magani da ake ba ruwa don iya tsabtace shi shine Post-treatment. Game da maganin ruwan da aka samo ne don rage taurinsa da kuma alkalinity. A wannan lokacin gyara duka sigogi don samun damar daidaita shi zuwa amfanin ɗan adam, ban ruwa ko amfani da masana'antu. Dogaro da yadda ake amfani da ruwan, wannan maganin bayan-ɗari na iya zama ko bazai buƙaci ba.
A ƙarshe, ana kwashe brines da aka ƙi da niyyar mafi ƙarancin tasirin muhalli. Don haka a zahiri, wannan haka ne. Tsire-tsire masu ƙera duwatsu na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga muhalli a kan tekuna da gabar tekun da aka cire ruwan.
Fa'idodi da rashin fa'ida na dashen ruwan
Za mu ga menene fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar samun tsire-tsire don samar da ruwa.
Abũbuwan amfãni
- Wasu kafofin sun nuna cewa yana wakiltar 3% na mamaye ƙasa da 3% na ƙaurawar ƙasa ta fuskar canja wurin Ebro da aka hango a cikin Dokar Tsarin Tsarin Halitta ta Duniya (PHN), wanda tuni aka soke shi.
- Tsarin tsarkakewa yana amfani da ƙarancin ƙarfi 30% fiye da abin da ake buƙata don aiwatar da canje-canje.
- Za'a iya amfani da kuzari masu sabuntawa don aiki na tsire-tsire, tunda Spain tana da wurare a kudu da gabas inda rana da iska ke yawaita.
disadvantages
Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, tsire-tsire maƙasudin ma yana da nasa matsaloli:
- A yayin aikin cire ruwan tekun ana samar da gishirin gishiri wanda aka jefa cikin teku kuma yana lalata furen teku. Ya kamata a tuna cewa yawancin gishirin ana sake zubawa cikin ruwa kuma yana ƙara gishirin ruwan da aka faɗa.
- Gyara shigarwar osmosis yana da rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar babban amfani da wutar lantarki.
- Tunda masana'antu ne, suna da iyakantaccen rayuwa.
- Ruwan gishiri na iya cutar da noma tunda akwai wasu albarkatun gona da ke kula da ma'adanai a cikin ruwan da aka ƙaddara.
- Sabbin ayyuka masu tsada dole ne a binciko su don canza ruwan da aka sassaka shi zuwa wuraren da ake buƙata.
Shuke-shuke a cikin Sifen
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, a cikin Sifen muna da ma'auni dangane da ƙarshen osmosis. Kuma ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar haɓaka canji na 45%. Wannan yana nufin cewa Ga kowane lita 100 na ruwa da muka shiga shuka tsaran, lita 45 na iya zama gishiri. Waɗannan suna da kyakkyawan jujjuyawar la'akari da farashin makamashi.
Abinda yafi dacewa shine iya tsabtace ruwa ta amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa don rage gurbatar muhalli.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyon abubuwa da yawa game da tsire-tsire da kuma halayenta.