An san Tekun Bahar Rum don wadatar nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin teku mai mahimmancin tarihi ga daukacin wayewar Yammacin Turai tun da yankin da al'adu masu yawa suka bunkasa. Ana la'akari da shi mafi girma na biyu mafi girma a cikin teku a duniya, bayan Caribbean. Akwai da yawa dabbobin teku na Mediterranean wanda ya cancanci sanin don halayensu na musamman.
A saboda wannan dalili, za mu keɓe wannan labarin don gaya muku game da manyan dabbobin Tekun Bahar Rum, halayensu da wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa.
halaye na teku
Wannan yanki na ruwa ya ƙunshi ruwa mai yawa, wanda ke wakiltar 1% na jimillar saman tekunan duniya. Yawan ruwan ya kai kilomita 3.735 cubic kilomita kuma matsakaicin zurfin ruwan ya kai mita 1430. Yana da jimlar tsawon kilomita 3.860 da kuma fadin murabba'in kilomita miliyan 2,5.. Duk wannan adadin ruwa yana ba da damar yin wanka a cikin yankuna 3 na kudancin Turai. Wadannan tsibiran su ne Iberian Peninsula, Italiyanci da Balkans. Hakanan tana wanke yankin Asiya mai suna Anatolia.
Sunan Bahar Rum ya fito ne daga tsohuwar Romawa. A lokacin ana kiransa "Mare nostrum" ko "Tekunmu". Sunan Bahar Rum ya fito daga Latin medi terraneum, wanda ke nufin tsakiyar duniya. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga asalin al'ummar da ta ba ta suna. tunda sun san k'asar dake kusa da wannan tekun. Wannan ya sa suka dauki Bahar Rum a matsayin tsakiyar duniya. Girkawa sun ba wannan teku suna tun zamanin da har ya zuwa yau.
An haɗa Extremar zuwa Tekun Atlantika ta mashigin Gibraltar. Ana samunsa tsakanin kudancin Turai, arewacin Afirka, da kuma kusa da gabas da gabar tekun yamma. Tekun Atlantika ba kawai babbar hanyar sadarwa ba ce, amma kuma tana haɗe da Bahar Bahar ta Bosphorus da Dardanelles. Sauran hanyar haɗinsa ita ce tare da Bahar Maliya. An haɗa shi ta hanyar Suez Canal.
Dabbobin tekun Bahar Rum
Dabbobin da ke zaune a tekun Mediterrenean suna da bambanci sosai domin teku ce mai albarkar flora da fauna kuma hakan ya faru ne, a cikin wasu abubuwa, kasancewar teku ne mai dumi da gishiri wanda ke ba da fifiko ga ci gaban tsiron ruwa a ciki. , duk da cewa, saboda gurbatar yanayi, ana fuskantar barazana sosai ga ma'aunin muhalli na wannan yanki na teku.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan 17.000 da aka yiwa rajista a cikin Bahar Rum, wanda kawai 4,1% sune kashin baya ko kifi, yayin da kusan 25,6% sune molluscs da crustaceans. Mafi girman halayen fauna na Bahar Rum shine kashi 20% yana da yawa, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya samun shi a cikin Bahar Rum.
Kifin Bahar Rum yana da daraja sosai a kasuwa kuma kamun kifi yana haifar da babbar matsala ga kiyaye su. nau'in kamar cod, jajayen mullet, turbot, flounder, anchovies da sardines suna barazana, a cewar wani bincike na baya-bayan nan.
Duk da haka, gwamnatoci sun kafa matakai daban-daban don tabbatar da musayar dabbobin ruwa, kamar samar da wuraren kariya, mafi ƙarancin kamun kifi ko rufewar wucin gadi.
Kifin tekun Bahar Rum
Dabbobin ruwa na Tekun Bahar Rum sun bambanta da yawa har ana ɗaukarsa wuri mai zafi a duniya.
Kifayen da ke cikin wannan teku ana iya rarraba su bisa halaye daban-daban, gwargwadon abincinsu (masu cin nama, masu tsiro, masu komi), gwargwadon siffarsu (spindle, pear, matsewa, nutse, dusar ƙanƙara), gwargwadon wurin da suke zaune ( benthic, pelagic, benthic), da dai sauransu…
Kifi mafi daraja a cikin Bahar Rum sune ja mollusk, jajayen mullet, cod, kifin haƙoran Patagonia (ko kifin haƙorin Patagonia), rukuni da bream na teku. A matsayin kifin na kowa, mun sami Diplodocus, waɗanda nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne da yawa suka kafa: sarki snapper, na kowa snapper, mojarra ko daban-daban snappers, raspallon, pico snapper, da dai sauransu…
A cikin Bahar Rum, za mu iya raba kifin zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu, kifi na ruwa da kifin dutse, kowannensu yana da nasa halaye. Kifi na ruwa yakan yi iyo a cikin buɗaɗɗen ruwa, yawanci nau'in ƙaura kamar su bluefin tuna (thhunnus), lemun tsami kifi (seriola dumerili), San Pedro zakara (Zeus Faber), llampuga, da dai sauransu ...
Amma ya fi bambanta idan ana maganar kifin dutse, wanda ke zaune ko kuma ana samunsa a kusa da duwatsu, kogo, ko gadajen teku. Daga cikin su, Parablennius, Symphodus, nau'ikan rukuni daban-daban (duba kifi mafi mahimmanci), da dai sauransu ...
Dabbobin tekun Bahar Rum na invertebrate
Waɗannan nau'ikan suna da alaƙa da girmansu gabaɗaya ba girmansu sosai ba da kuma ƙarancin kwarangwal, kodayake yawancinsu suna rufe jikinsu da harsashi ko sulke. Cephalopods su ne mafi girma invertebrate nau'in, ko da yake su molluscs. suna da halaye da halaye da suka fi kama kifi fiye da na molluscs, ciki har da squid, squid da dorinar ruwa, waɗanda nau'ikan dabbobi ne masu tasowa tare da haɓakar hankali.
Sea urchins da starfish suna cikin rukuni na echinoderms, wanda nau'in nau'i ne na benthic (suna zaune a kasan teku), suna motsawa ta hanyar rarrafe a cikin ƙananan gudu kuma suna da hanyoyin tsaro dangane da amfani da jikinsu ko guje wa wasu.
teku anemones wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan invertebrates ne na ruwa waɗanda ke manne da abubuwan da ake amfani da su kuma suna amfani da tanti da filament don kama abinci, ana iya ruɗe su da algae ko tsire-tsire na ruwa, amma a zahiri nau'ikan halittu ne waɗanda ke haifuwa kamar wannan.
Kyakkyawan misalin wannan invertebrate shine tumatir na teku ko kiwi na doki, anemone na teku ko kuma anemone hermit. Crustaceans suna wakiltar invertebrates mafi mahimmanci a kasuwa, ciki har da prawns, prawns, lobsters, lobsters, da dai sauransu ...
An siffanta su da raunin jikinsu wanda harsashi ya lullube shi don kare shi, bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikinsu suna da turare ko turare don ciyarwa, da kuma eriya don tunkarar kansu. Motsinsa yafi tafiya akan kasa ko duwatsu.
Tsutsotsin teku, irin su spirograph, Bispira Volutacornis ko Gusano Tubicula da Serpula Vermicularis, suna da harsashi da ke kare jikinsu kuma suna kama abinci ta hanyar filaye da ke shimfidawa kamar bishiyar dabino.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da dabbobin Tekun Bahar Rum da halayensu.