Mun san cewa mutane sun faɗaɗa yawan su a duk duniya cikin saurin sauri. Daga juyin-juya-halin masana'antu mun kirkiro wani babban yanki na duniya kuma tare da ayyukanmu masu amfani muna kawo karshen gurɓatar da tsarin halittu. Wannan mummunan amfani da rashin wadataccen amfani da albarkatun kasa ba wai kawai yana lalata lafiyar duniyar ba ne, har ma yana lalata nau'o'in halittu masu yawa kuma yana sa su ɓace har abada. A cikin jerin dabbobin da suka mutu Tuni akwai adadi mai yawa na dabbobi da tsirrai da suka ɓace gaba ɗaya daga wannan duniyar tamu saboda mu.
Saboda haka, zamu sake nazarin wasu nau'in dabbobin da suka mutu wadanda kawai zamu iya tunawa kuma ba zamu sake ganinsu a duniyarmu ba.
Tasirin muhalli na mutane
'Yan Adam na cire albarkatun ƙasa don amfani da su cikin ayyukanmu na haɓaka, walau a cikin masana'antu ko amfani. Mun sani cewa, a dabi'ance, mutane suna buƙatar albarkatun ƙasa don su iya wadatar da kansu da haɓaka a matsayin nau'in. Koyaya, mun kai ga matsayin fasaha da buƙatar cinyewa ta yadda zamu ƙare lalata duk abin da muke wucewa.
Babbar matsalar ta ta'allaka ne da yin amfani da mai a matsayin tushen makamashi. Waɗannan man suna samar da ɗimbin gurɓatattun iska waɗanda ke haifar da manyan matsaloli, canjin yanayi da dumamar yanayi. Godiya ga halittu masu yawa, mutane suna jin daɗin wadatar abinci, samun ruwa mai tsafta da kayan ɗanɗani. Har ila yau, ma'aunin nazarin halittu yana taimakawa daidaita yanayin da magance gurbatar yanayi. Koyaya, saboda ayyukanmu, wannan daidaituwar ana barazanar ta yadda har mutane zasu sami matsala wajen samun abinci da kuzari.
Kashewar nau'ikan halittu ba wani abu bane mai rikitarwa, amma akwai kungiyar da take da alhakin auna tasirin muhalli akan dabbobin da suka mutu. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta yi gargadin cewa nau’uka 150 suna bacewa a kowace rana. Dangane da rahoton shekarar 2019 game da yanayin halittu daban-daban, kashi 25% na dabbobin da aka bincika da tsirrai suna cikin hatsarin bacewa kuma kashi daya bisa uku na kasashe suna kan hanya don cimma burinsu na bambancin halittu.
Wannan rashin haskakawar halittu masu yawa ya sanya mawuyacin masu ra'ayin kiyaye muhalli kimanta raguwar shuka da nau'in dabbobi a daidai lokacin. Domin kare halittu masu yawa, ya kamata muci gami da kiyaye muhalli. Akwai miliyoyin matakai don kare muhalli kamar kiwon dabbobi a cikin fursuna don aiwatar da su a nan gaba. 'yanci, kirkirar abubuwan adana yanayi, yaki da fataucin dabbobi, da sauransu.
Dabbobin da suka mutu
Abu na farko shine sanin menene dabbobin da suka mutu. Wani jinsin ana ganin ya mutu kwata-kwata lokacin da samfurin karshe da aka sanshi ya mutu ba tare da barin magada ba. Tarihin mulkin shekara 50 an dore, amma da gaske babu takamaiman tazara. Wannan dokar tana nuna cewa idan ba a taɓa ganin wani jinsi a wannan lokacin ba, za a iya ɗaukar shi dadadden abu ne. Tabbatar idan jinsin ya banbanta yana da rikitarwa. A wani lokaci, an gano wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsunan da ake ganin sun banbanta, wani al'amari da aka fi sani da taxon na Lazarus.
Don samun damar tabbatar da ɓacewar wani nau'in, yana da mahimmanci a san da jerin ja na Unionungiyar forungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN). Wannan daftarin aiki, wanda aka fara shi sama da rabin karni daya da suka gabata, yana tattara bayanai ne daga kwararrun masana kimiyyar halittu, masu kiyaye muhalli da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi don yin rikodin matsayin kiyaye halittu.
Nau'in dabbobin da suka mutu
Ba duk dabbobin da suka ɓace gaba ɗaya suke yin haka ba. A yanzu haka, ana iya rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i nau'i nau'i biyu dangane da yadda wani nau'in ya ƙare da ɓacewa. Bari mu ga menene waɗannan nau'ikan:
- Hyarancin jiki: Game da wannan nau'in ne wanda ya ɓace yana haifar da ingantaccen yanayi. An yi la'akari da jinsin farko azaman kakanni kuma ana ganinsa ya mutu da zarar ya yi tsayayya da mutane masu jinsi iri daya. Koyaya, nasabarsa tana ci gaba. Babu karuwa ko raguwa a cikin duka bambancin.
- Minarshen ƙarewa: jinsi ne da ke bacewa ba tare da barin zuriya gaba ɗaya ba. Sabili da haka, adadin yawan bambancin yana raguwa. Hakanan, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: ƙarancin tashar ƙarewa. Abu ne da ke haifar da ɓacewar ci gaba kuma zai ci gaba a kan lokaci. Anan mutane suna ɓacewa tare da shudewar lokaci ko dai ta hanyar dabi'a ko ta ɗan adam. Inarewar tashar ƙarewa: ita ce wacce ke faruwa a duniya kuma tare da faɗakarwa gama gari. Dole ne ya zama faɗakarwa wanda ke haifar da saurin lalacewa kuma yana shafar yawancin ƙwayoyin halitta marasa alaƙa. Anan muna da bayyanannen misali na bacewar dinosaur.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da bacewar dabbobi
Dole ne mu sani cewa dabbobi na iya bacewa a dabi'ance ta hanyar juyin halitta ko kuma canjin yanayin muhalli. Dabbobi da tsire-tsire dole ne su daidaita da canje-canje a cikin yanayin yanayin ƙira inda suke rayuwa. Akwai wasu jinsunan da suka dace da kyau fiye da wasu kuma suke kula da wanzuwar jinsin. Koyaya, wasu ba sa yin hakan ta hanya ɗaya. Dole ne mu sani cewa fiye da kashi 99% na dukkan kwayoyin halittun da suka taba rayuwa a doron duniyarmu babu su.
Bari mu ga menene ainihin dalilan da ke kare dabbobi:
- Yanayi da yanayin halittar mutum: nau'ikan ƙananan ƙananan mutane suna da haɗarin halaka mafi girma. Wannan saboda zabin yanayi na iya kaiwa hari sosai kuma babu wadatattun kwayoyin halitta don ƙarin daidaitawa.
- Lalacewar wuraren zama na daji: Wannan lamarin yafi yawa ne sanadiyyar sababi na mutum. Yawan amfani da albarkatun kasa da na ruwa yana haifar da lalata mahalli na halittu na jinsunan daji.
- Gabatarwa daga nau'in cutarwa: Rayayyun jinsunan da aka gabatar dasu cikin tsarin halittu ba tare da izini ba, da gangan ko kuma bisa kuskure sun inganta canjin halittu daban-daban. Sabbin mazaunan sun sauya jinsin mutanen da zasu iya bacewa.
- Canjin yanayi: karuwar matsakaicin yanayin duniya yana haifar da canjin yanayi. Duk wannan zai yi tasiri ga ruwan sama, zazzabi, fari, ambaliyar ruwa, da sauransu.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da dabbobin da suka mutu da nau'ikan su.