Ya danganta da nau'ikan halittun da muke nazarinsu, akwai nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban. Yau zamuyi magana akansa dabbobin ƙasa. Waɗannan sune waɗanda ke cinye yawancin rayuwarsu a duniya. Waɗannan dabbobin suna cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda suka samo asali da kansu. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobin sun haɓaka sauye-sauye iri-iri don rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayin, kasancewar sun bambanta da yanayin ruwa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye, dabaru, daidaitawa da kuma tsarin rayuwar dabbobin ƙasar.
Babban fasali
Abu na farko da za a lura da shi game da dabbobin ƙasar shi ne cewa suna tafiya a kan matsakaiciyar hanya tare da iska mai kewayewa. Babban bambanci daga ga yanayin ruwa shine iska ba ta da yawa kamar ruwa. A saboda wannan dalili, ana tilasta dabbobi na duniya su tallafawa nauyinsu tunda suna da tasirin tasirin nauyi. Sabili da haka, wani ɓangare na canzawa waɗanda dole ne su haɓaka don rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayin daga waɗanda ke cikin ruwa shine na tsarin jiki isasshe. Suna buƙatar kwarangwal na ciki da na waje da tsokoki waɗanda zasu iya tallafawa nauyin kansu.
,Ari, Wani bambanci daga yanayin ruwa shine oxygen. Oxygen wani ginshiki ne na ci gaban rayuwa. An narkar da shi cikin iska. Wannan yana sanya dabbobin ƙasa su zama huhu, tracheae da sauran ire-irensu don samun damar sha da amfani da iskar oxygen a cikin dukkan ayyukanta masu muhimmanci.
Bari mu ga menene wasu daga cikin yanayin da waɗannan dabbobin zasu iya rayuwa:
Wurin zama na ƙasa
Waɗannan nau'ikan dabbobin sun ɓullo da dabarun daidaitawa don su iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin duniya. Rayuwa a wannan duniyar tamu ta tashi ne a cikin ruwa, wanda ke nufin cewa nau'ikan halittu daban-daban dole ne su canza cikin yanayin da nauyi ke shafar ƙasa kaɗan. A wannan bangaren, oxygen yana narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma akwai wasu shingayen don haɗa shi. A cikin yanayin yanayin ƙasa yawan zafin jiki bai zama daidai ba kamar na ruwa da kuma kasancewar danshi. A cikin mazaunin ƙasa, dabbobi suna fuskantar mafi girman ƙarfi na ƙarfin nauyi kuma ana kewaye da su da matsakaiciyar iska. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a ambaci mafi girman tasirin hasken rana a cikin kwayoyin halitta.
Temperatura
Yanayin zafin yanayi wani abu ne da za'a yi la'akari dashi a cikin cigaban dabbobin ƙasa. Bambancin yanayin zafin jiki a cikin mahalli daban-daban samfurin ne mafi girma ko ƙarami na tasirin hasken rana. Duniya tayi sanyi kuma tayi zafi fiye da ruwa. A karkashin waɗannan yanayin, dabbobin ƙasa sun ci gaba da sauƙaƙawa don zama a cikin busassun, ɗumi, wuraren zafi da sanyi. Misalin shi shine belar polar. A cikin dubunnan shekaru ya sami damar haɓaka fatar da ke rufe da gashi a ƙarƙashin mai kauri mai kauri wanda ke kiyaye shi daga sanyin waɗannan halittu.
Waƙar kuma yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar zafi kuma baya riƙe mai. A gefe guda kuma, gashi yana nuna haske wanda yake sanya shi fari fari gabaɗaya kuma yana zama kamfen don iya ɓoyewa cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma farautar farautar sa cikin nasara.
Karbuwa na dabbobin ƙasa: laima, kariya da nauyin jiki
Wani karbuwa da ya kamata dabbobin duniyar su ci gaba shi ne juriya domin su rayu cikin yanayi daban-daban na danshi. Ta hanyar samun karancin wadataccen ruwa, za a iya rasa ruwa mai yawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa dabbobi dabbobi na duniya sun samar da tsarin da zai daidaita zufarsu, kamar su fur, fur, da sauran hanyoyin. Godiya ga waɗannan hanyoyin, ana guje wa asarar ruwa mai yawa.
Game da nauyin jiki, mun san cewa iska ba ta da yawa sosai fiye da ruwa. Wannan ya tilasta wa dukkan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙasa su tallafawa nauyinsu da haɓaka tsarin jiki don su sami damar tsayawa da motsi.
Ire-iren dabbobin ƙasar
Hanya mafi dacewa wacce za'a iya rarrabe dabbobin ƙasa bisa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na haraji waɗanda aka kafa a cikin ilimin ƙasa. Akwai kungiyoyin dabbobi masu zuwa: annelids, unicooros, kwari, myriapods, arachnids, crustaceans, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan rukunin dabbobi suma suna rayuwa cikin yanayin halittar ruwa ko kuma a lokaci guda. Zamu bincika wasu daga cikin manyan halayen da waɗannan rukunin suke da su:
- Annelids: a nan ga rukunin tsutsotsi na duniya da ƙananan tsutsotsi masu motsi a cikin ƙasa. Suna da ikon sarrafa ƙasa don samun ƙwayoyin halitta azaman abinci.
- Mollusks: Su dabbobi ne masu jiki mai laushi kuma harsashi ya rufe su. Yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan suna cikin ruwa, amma akwai katantanwa da yawa da yawa waɗanda suke tarko.
- Ambiyawa: Suna da tsarin rayuwa wanda ya raba tsakanin ƙasa da ruwa. Wasu nau'ikan jinsin galibi sune na ƙasa kamar toads, frogs da salamanders.
- Insectos: Kwari sune mafi yawan rukunin dabbobi a wannan duniyar tamu. Mafi yawan nau'ikan kwari sune na kasa. Don daidaitawa da wannan yanayin, sai suka haɓaka wani exoskeleton wanda ya kasance daga abu mai tsayayyiya mai suna chitin.
- Arachnids: arachnids suna da exoskeleton kama da na kwari. Suna motsawa ta kafafu wanda numfashin zai iya zama ta bututun ciki ko huhu a cikin littafi.
- Myriapods: wannan rukuni ya hada da 'yan tsakiya, da masu nika, da sauran kwayoyin halitta makamantansu. Babban halayyar wannan rukuni na dabbobi shine cewa yana da kai da akwati wanda aka kasu kashi biyu-biyu.
- Crustaceans: mafi yawan wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne a cikin tsarin halittar ruwa. Koyaya, akwai wasu nau'o'in halittu daga cikinmu wanda muke samun kadoji. Waɗannan kadoji suna buƙata da kuma teku a matsayin ɓangare na tsarin rayuwarsu.
- Dabbobi masu rarrafe: a cikin wannan rukuni na dabbobi kuma ya haɗa da macizai, da kada, da kifi, da kadangaru, da sauransu. Halin da ke nuna wannan rukuni na dabbobin ƙasa shine na samun fata wanda ya kasance da sikeli. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobin ba za su iya sarrafa zafin jikinsu da kansu ba. Sabili da haka, suna buƙatar bayyanar da rana don ƙara yawan zafin jiki ko zuwa inuwa don rage ta.
- Aves: tsuntsaye suna haɓaka babban ɓangaren rayuwarsu a cikin iska. Wadansu sun fi son sanya wadannan nau'ikan dabbobi a matsayin dabbobi na iska. Koyaya, akwai wasu nau'ikan tsuntsayen wadanda yanayinsu gaba daya na duniya ne. Anan zamu sami jimina, kaza, turkey da sauran nau'ikan.
- Dabbobi masu shayarwa: Dabbobi masu shayarwa sune mafi wakiltar rukunin dabbobi na ƙasa: sun samo asali ne a ƙasa kuma yawancinsu suna zaune a cikin yanayin duniya. Mun sami birai, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, zakuna, rakumin dawa, beyar, giwaye da doguwa da dai sauransu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene dabbobin ƙasa da halayensu.