Mun yi tafiya zuwa garin Cofrentes, a cikin Valencia, don ziyarci tashar makamashin nukiliya da ke ba Spain ƙarfi. Cibiyar makamashin nukiliya ta Cofrentes 100% mallakar kamfanin Iberdrola Generación Nuclear SA.Wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya ta sami faruwar abubuwa da yawa wadanda suka sanya ta zama makasudin masu kula da muhalli da kuma rage karfin makamashin nukiliya. Gudanar da tsire-tsire yana ƙarƙashin ka'idoji da alƙawurra waɗanda thatungiyar Daraktocin Iberdrola suka amince da su.
A cikin wannan sakon za mu binciki dukkan halayen tashar makamashin nukiliya. Zamu fara da bayanin yadda yake aiki da kuma yawan kuzarin da yake bayarwa ga layin wutar lantarki na Sipaniya. A ƙarshe, zamu yi tsokaci kan mahimman abubuwan da suka faru yau. Shin kuna son sanin zurfin tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Cofrentes? Yakamata ku ci gaba da karatu 🙂
Manufofin tashar wutar lantarki ta Cofrentes
Manufofin kamfanin da manufofinsu suna bin wasu manyan manufofi, daga cikinsu akwai:
- Kula da tashar nukiliya a cikin cikakkiyar yanayi.
- Kula da kyakkyawan tsaro da haɓaka fasaha don kasancewa mai aiki koyaushe.
- Horar da maaikata a kan haɗarin aiki don kauce wa haɗari.
- Developirƙira manufofin da zasu taimaka wa ma'aikata su sami gogewar na su da waɗanda ke wajen hedkwatar.
- Sanar da kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar gaskiya da budewa game da halin da shuka ke ciki a yanzu. Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a kuma za a sanar da duk kungiyoyin masu sha'awar.
Halayen fasaha
Cibiyar makamashin nukiliya ta Cofrentes tana da ikon lantarki na 1.092MW. Wannan ya sa ya zama ɗayan mafi girma a cikin samarwa a duk Spain. Yana sanye take da BWR irin tafasasshen ruwa reactor. Yana da madaidaicin ruwa mai sarrafa ruwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai ruwa guda ɗaya ko mai sanyaya wanda ke da alhakin yin tururi a cikin mahaɗin.
Hakanan tsakiya kawai wannan na waɗanda aka kira na ƙarni na biyu. Sauran tsire-tsire suna amfani da tsarin ruwa mai matsi, yayin da wannan ke tafasa.
Aikin Cofrentes makamashin nukiliya
Zamu rarraba bayanin yadda ake aiki da tashar nukiliya zuwa bangarori. A kowane bangare dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa akwai matakai masu wahala.
An yi amfani da mai
Don samun kuzari, tsarin yana buƙatar injin samar da tururi. Wannan tsarin da ke da alhakin samar da tururi ba komai bane face makaman nukiliya. Ana sanya shi tsakanin masu taimako da abubuwan sarrafawa a cikin jirgin ruwa mai matsi. Anan ne ake samar dashi fitinar nukiliya na uranium atoms. Tsarin yana farawa don samar da ƙarin zafi da yawa har sai ruwan yayi turɓaya.
Saboda wannan dauki man da aka sani da 4,2% wadataccen uranium. Yana da kayan yumbu wanda ke iya jure yanayin zafi mai tsananin zafi da allurai masu yawa. Mun tuna cewa radiation yana da hatsari sosai ga mutane kuma a ɗan ƙaramin nitsuwa yana iya cutar da shi. Wannan kayan yumbu yana ƙunshe a cikin sandunan zircaloy-2 (zirconium alloy) waɗanda aka haɗu zuwa sifofin sanduna 11 × 11. Wannan shine abin da ke sauƙaƙa ƙirƙirar abubuwa cikin sauƙi.
Matakai don samun kuzari
Matakan da ake bi don samun kuzari kamar haka.
- Abu na farko shine ɗaga zafin ruwan da ke cikin matatar. Ruwa yana gudana a cikin wata hanya zuwa sama tare da ainihin. Zandargin zircaloy suna da zafi ta hanyar ɓarkewar atranan uranium kuma suna ba da damar samar da kusan 1,6 Tm a kowane dakika na tururi mai ƙamshi. An rabu da tururin daga lokacin ruwa kuma ya bushe a cikin sama na jirgin ruwan mai sarrafawa. Daga nan ya ci gaba da fadada zuwa turbin mai matsin lamba.
- Tururin da aka fadada ya bushe kuma ya sake yin zafi kuma cikin matuka biyu da danshi.
- Finallyungiyoyin biyu masu matsin lamba na turbin ɗin sun karɓi tururi mai ɗumi da bushewa inda fadadawar ta ƙare har zuwa matsin lamba na 75mm na mercury cikakke. A ƙarshe, ana aika shi zuwa mahaɗin matsa lamba biyu inda aka canza shi zuwa ruwa don mayar da shi ga mai sarrafawa ta hanyar sake zagayowar al'ada.
Mechanicalarfin inji wanda turbine ke dashi ya canza zuwa makamashin lantarki daidai da yadda ake yin sa a tashar wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da adadin kuzarin da ake samarwa kuma ana jigilar shi zuwa manyan injunan canji guda-lokaci.
Ana sanyaya tsire-tsire a cikin rufaffiyar kewaya ta amfani da ɗakunan tsaunuka biyu na halitta. Hasumiyar suna da girma na Tsayin mita 129 da mita 90 a cikin diamita mai tushe. A cikin waɗannan hasumiyoyin inda ruwa ke sauka ta rufaffiyar bututu kuma ana sanyaya ta haɗuwa da iska mai tashi. Reguarfin ƙarfin mai sarrafawa ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar sake amfani da famfunan sake sarrafawa da sandunan da suka ratsa tsakiyar daga ƙasa.
Abubuwan da suka faru a tashar makamashin nukiliya
A lokacin shekara ta 2017 An yi rijistar abubuwa 10 da suka tilasta wa masana'antar rufewa. Mafi munin shine raunin da ya ci shi a watan Disamba rabe-raben matakin 1 ("anomaly") a cikin Siffar Internationalasa ta Duniya game da Nuclear da Rediyon Ruwa (INES) Majalisar Tsaro ta Nukiliya (CSN).
Turbines da bearings sun gaza kuma dole ne tashar nukiliya ta rufe sau da yawa. Kuma shine mahaukacin nukiliya wanda yake aiki dashi, General Electric, shine iri daya ne da mai karko Fukushima. Yana da tsarin tsare-tsare iri ɗaya. Ganin ci gaba da gazawa bayan shekaru 35 na aikin (an ƙaddara shi ya sami rayuwa mai amfani na kimanin shekaru 40), Iberdrola ya yi niyyar ci gaba da sanya shi aiki.
Masu kare muhalli suna kukan rufe tashar nukiliya don kauce wa masifu irin su Chernobyl ko Fukushima.
Ba a bayyana abubuwa daidai kuma abubuwan da suka gaza sune mabuɗin aikin shukar.
Bari muyi fatan cewa tashar wutar lantarki ta Cofrentes ba ta haifar da wata matsala ba kuma suna yin abubuwa da kyau.