Nukiliya (22,6%), iska (19,2%) da kwal kwal (17,4%) sun mamaye saman 3 na fasahar don samar da wutar lantarki a cikin 2017.
Matsanancin fari (tare da tafki a 38% na iyakar ƙarfin su) yana ba da sake haifuwa ga ci. Lowananan ruwan sama ya rage gudummawar samar da ruwa zuwa tsarin lantarki zuwa kashi 7,3% na duka.
Saboda wannan, dole ne a daidaita bukatun tare da gawayi da iskar gas (wanda ya ba da gudummawar 31,1%, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na buƙatun).
Abun takaici, wannan yana nufin karuwar hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.
Wani lamarin shine sabuntawa - wanda ƙarfin sa bai karu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ba - ya wakilci kashi 33,7% na samar da wutar lantarki (ya kasance 40,8% a cikin 2016).
Haɗin makamashi a cikin 2017 ya kasance mai karko sosai, wanda makamashin nukiliya da iska ke tallafawa. Thearshen ya kasance a matakan daidai kamar na 2016 (19,2%). "Windarfin iska yana canzawa a cikin gida da kuma cikin lokaci, amma a cikin lissafin shekara-shekara bambancin ya yi ƙasa", ya nuna Fernando Ferrando, shugaban Fundación Renovables.
Abin takaici, raguwa a cikin samar da ruwa ya sanya wannan ɓangaren a matsayi na shida (ya tashi daga 14,6% zuwa 7,3%).
Wannan ragin an rufe shi da gawayi (ya tashi daga 14,3% zuwa 17,4% na buƙata) kuma, a cikin karami gwargwado, domin gas.
Babu wani ci gaba da aka samu a canjin canji na gaba
Pedro Linares, farfesa a kujerar Shugaban Makamashi da Dorewa a Jami'ar Pontifical na Comillas yayi jayayya, sauyawar makamashi yana bada tarewa bayyanar cututtuka. "Idan wadataccen ruwan da aka ajiye ya ragu, albarkatun da ba mu da iko a kansu, kuma abin da ke akwai shi ne kwal da iskar gas, sakamakon yana da nauyi mai yawa na burbushin halittu da ƙarin hayakin gas",
Farfesan ya kara da fa'idar wannan katafaren wurin shakatawa, saboda "idan akwai shekara mai kyau, hadewar lantarki yana da tsabta sosai." Kari akan wannan, wannan babban ginshiƙi ne don karfafawa ko tallafawa kafofin sabuntawa. Koyaya, dogaro da yawa akan ruwan sama yana haifar da raunin tsarin, tunda canjin yanayi yana iya yin aukuwa na ƙaramar samar da ruwa mai maimaitawa.
Canji na gaba
A saboda wannan dalili, a yayin da albarkatun ruwa ke girma da raguwa, Linares ya yi imanin cewa “dole ne mu fara la’akari da yadda za a maye gurbin mai da burbushin halittu tare da kuzari na sabuntawa, da farko maye gurbin kwal da kuma, daga baya, gas, wani abu mai mahimmanci don cimma cikakkiyar nasara decarbonization na tsarin lantarki ”. Mabuɗin zai kasance don ƙayyade ƙimar sauyawar waɗannan mai.
Masana na kira da a kara sabunta abubuwa don kar a dogara da ruwan sama.
Hukumomi da masana suna ganin ya zama dole a karya shingen hanya don cimma canjin makamashi zuwa ingantaccen tsari. “Ba za ku iya canza samfurin daga kwana ɗaya zuwa na gaba ba; amma idan akwai muradin siyasa, komai na iya yiwuwa.
Matsalar ita ce akwai oligopolies da kuma bukatun da yawa a kan gungumen azaba.
Masana da yawa sun yi imani da cewa: “Hujjar cewa, tunda ba ruwan sama, babu wani zabi sai koma ga kwal saboda haka, wutar lantarki ta fi tsada ba abin karba ba ne. Ba za mu iya ba shi a matsayin wani abu ba mara canzawa, kamar wanda ke wahala a cikin nutsuwa ”.
A cikin kasashe da dama, kamar su Denmark, Jamus, Netherlands da sauransu ... ba su daina saka jari a cikin gyaran tsarin wutar lantarkin su ba, wanda ke nufin “yin watsi da burbushin mai da makaman nukiliya, kuma a ba da hanya ga tsarin da ya dogara da sabuntawar ”.
"Akwai masu yawa abubuwan amfani na ci gaban fasaha bisa tushen sabuntawa kuma, ƙari, ga ƙasashen da ke ba da rahoton fifiko a fagen tattalin arziki ”.
Auaramar mega carbonless
Gwamnati ta riga ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri don haɓaka kasancewar sabbin hanyoyin sabuntawa, ta hanyar tsarin gwanjo wanda tuni ya ba da sabon megawatt 8.737 na ƙarfin sabuntawa, don cimma wannan kashi 20% na ƙarfin zama sabunta a cikin 2020, kamar yadda alamar Paris ta yi alama.
Farashin Pool
A halin yanzu, farashin samarwa ya kai kimanin yuro 53 a kowace megawatt (MWh), amma idan muka duba ko'ina cikin duniya, ana iya samun makamashi daga mafi ƙanƙan farashi, alal misali, Yuro 17 a kan MWh da aka samu a cikin gwanjon kyauta da aka gudanar makonnin da suka gabata a Mexico.
Amma a cewar masana da yawa, “Ba a samu ci gaba kadan ba a kan hanyar cimma nasarar hada makamashi mai karfin 100%; duka iska da hasken rana sun shanye, kuma babu wani shiri da za ayi ba tare da kwal da nukiliya ba "
