A duniyar da dinosaur, zafi, da manyan dabbobi suka mamaye shi, butterflies da kwari sun riga sun mamaye Duniya, koda kuwa furanni basu wanzu ba.
Idan babu furannin da za su ci su kuma goge su, yaya malam buɗe ido na wancan lokacin yake?
Binciken butterflies
Butterflies suna buƙatar tsirrai daga furanni don ciyarwa. Lokacin da suke tafiya daga fure zuwa fure, suma suna fure wadannan furannin kuma suna taimakawa wajen haifuwarsu da fadada su. Koyaya, a lokacin dinosaur (a cikin Jurassic da Cretaceous) Babu furanni, amma akwai butterflies.
Wannan shine ɗayan maganganun da ƙungiyar bincike ta samo wanda yayi nazarin ɗayan tsofaffin burbushin malam buɗe ido wanda aka sani har yau. An samo shi daga tsohuwar dutsen a Jamus.
Binciken akalla jinsuna bakwai a cikin samfurin gram goma kawai na laka ya nuna cewa Lepidopterans sun dade a duniya. aƙalla shekaru miliyan 200.
Wannan rukuni na kwari na daya daga cikin wadanda ake matukar kimantawa kuma ake nazari saboda lamuransu na kamala da kamala kuma an gano cewa asalinsa ya samo asali ne tun shekaru miliyan 70 kafin abin da ake tunanin ya wanzu.
Sakamakon binciken an buga shi a cikin mujallar Kimiyyar Ci gaban. Binciken ya kuma yi kokarin fahimtar yadda halittar butterflies da kwari suke domin tabbatar da kiyaye su a nan gaba. Lokacin da aka tsara tsare-tsaren kiyaye halitta don wani nau'in, bayanai kan abubuwan da suka gabata na da mahimmancin gaske don fahimtar juyin halittarsa da haɗuwa da canje-canje daban-daban na muhalli waɗanda suka shude. Wato, a cikin Jurassic da Cretaceous, adadin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya ya fi yadda aka saba kuma yanayin zafi ya yi sama. Bugu da kari, aikin volcanic ya fi karfi fiye da yanzu.
Gangar jikin da sirrinta
Masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da wani nau'in acid don iya narkar da dutsin d ancient a kuma, ta wannan hanyar, sun sami damar samo rockan guntun dutsen da ma'aunin waɗannan kwari suka bayyana. Matakan suna cikin cikakkiyar yanayin kiyayewa.
Bas van de Schootbrugge, wani mai bincike a jami'ar Utrecht ta Netherlands kuma marubucin marubucin binciken ya bayyana cewa: "Mun gano kananan kwayoyin halittar wadannan kwayoyin ne a sikeli."
Wasu daga cikin asu da butterflies da aka samo suna cikin ƙungiyar da har yanzu ke wanzuwa kuma tana yanzu. Wannan rukunin yana da dogon harshe a ciki Girman akwati suna amfani da shi don tsotse tsotse. Koyaya, a wancan lokacin furanni basu wanzu ba tukuna. Ta yaya hakan zai yiwu? Ba shi da ma'ana ga malam buɗe ido ya haɓaka tubes don tsotse ruwan zakin idan babu furanni da ke ɗauke da irin wannan kwalliyar.
Schootbrugge ya ce "Abubuwan da muka gano ya nuna cewa wannan rukunin (da wani irin harshe) wanda ya kamata ya kasance yana hade da furanni ya fi girma.
Wannan ya zama bayyananne lokacin da aka san cewa a cikin Jurassic akwai ɗimbin motsa jiki masu motsa jiki waɗanda, duk da cewa basu samar da furanni ba, amma suna samar da ruwan shukari mai ɗauke da kwayar fure daga iska. A saboda wannan dalili, butterflies suna ciyar da nectar wasu wasannin motsa jiki irin su conifers kafin su bayyana. furanni shekaru miliyan 130 da suka gabata.
Wannan sabuwar shaidar ta nuna cewa wannan murfin bakin yana iya yin wani aiki kafin shuke-shuke masu furanni su canza.
Amfani don kiyayewa
Wannan binciken yana ba da sababbin bayanai masu amfani don kiyaye butterflies a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Sun kuma gaya mana yadda waɗannan kwari suka sami damar mallakar duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica.
Dole ne a tuna cewa Lepidoptera ya tsira daga halaka a ƙarshen Triassic wanda ya shafe halittu da yawa daga doron ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci a san yadda malam buɗe ido ya yi hakan don tsira daga waɗannan halaye ta fuskar yadda canjin yanayi zai iya shafar su.