Daga kusan babu shigarwar photovoltaic zuwa farkon wannan shekaru goma don hango hasashen da ke tabbatarwa fiye da 40 GW da aka sanya a kan kammalawa. Wannan shine yanayin da yake bayyana a idanun masu lura da wannan filin, wanda ya shafi dukkan yankin kudu da Rio Grande - daya daga cikin iyakar Amurka da Mexico da kuma kudancin Chile. Mexico, Brazil da Chile ne suka jagoranci wannan '' koren salon '', amma ana tsammanin Argentina da Colombia zasu shiga nan bada jimawa ba.
Wani rahoto na GTM Research, mai taken Manual de la Fotovoltaica de América Latina, ya yi jayayya cewa baya ga kaiwa ga ƙarfin da aka ambata, a wannan shekara ana sa ran yankin zai ƙara yawan kason da yake buƙata a duniya makamashi na photovoltaic da fiye da 6,2%, ya fi wanda aka lura a bara lokacin da ya kasance 2,4%.
Akwai maki da yawa da aka ambata waɗanda ke ba da dalilin tushen wannan babban haɓakar hoto a yankin: faduwar farashin makamashin hasken rana a cikin gwanjo na Latin Amurka; farkon fara tsire-tsire da yawa da ake ginawa a cikin Chile, Mexico da Brazil; cewa za a girka kusan rabin hotunan Latin Amurka a wannan shekara a Meziko, kuma Latin Amurka za ta kai kashi 10% na yawan buƙatun duniya na samar da hasken rana a cikin 2020.
Faduwar farashin kayan kwalliya
Zamanin da aka rarrabata yana samun ƙarin kasuwa kasuwa Latin American photovoltaic, tare da mai da hankali kan Mexico da Brazil, inda mitar awo da sauran abubuwan tallafi ke aiki. Koyaya, daga manyan wurare ne ake tura kasuwar saboda saurin faduwar farashin.
Tallan makamashi da aka gudanar a Chile a watan Agustan bara shi ma zai iya kawo canji. A can an sami sabon ƙarancin duniya, a $ 29 a kowace megawatt (US $ MWh). Ya taimaka matuka cewa shekara ta 2016 shekara ce da ƙarancin ruwan sama, wanda ya haifar da faduwar wutar lantarki da kuma matsakaicin farashin babbar hanyar wutar lantarki. Hakanan ya ƙarfafa ƙarfin gwiwar sauran masu haɓaka aikin don su sami kyakkyawan fa'ida a ayyukan gaba.
A cikin Meziko, inda aka yi shakkar ko hasken rana zai iya yin gogayya da wasu kuzari masu sabuntawa a cikin farashi, lzuwa photovoltaic ya kai matakin kasa zuwa 33 u $ s MWh. Haka kuma bai kamata mu manta da El Salvador ba, inda farashinsa ke ta faɗuwa sosai a cikin recentan shekarun nan, kuma inda hotunan hotuna har ma sun zarce ƙarfin iska. Wannan rukuni ya haɗu da Ajantina, inda kwangilar kwanan nan na shirin RenovAR wanda Gwamnatin ta haɓaka ta ba da lambobin yabo ayyukan photovoltaic wanda yakai kimanin 60 u $ s MWh, farashin da ake sa ran ragewa har zuwa 50 u $ s MWh a na gaba, sannu, yana kiran kira.
Pricesananan farashi kuma sune nakasa ga masu ci gaba, an sami ci gaba a cikin rahoton GTM, saboda suna ƙoƙari su tallafawa ayyukan tare da ƙananan ƙarancin dawowa. Koyaya, ana sa ran gabatar da garambawul kan haraji, haɗin gwiwa tare da bankunan ci gaba da kuɗi don takamaiman ayyukan sabuntawa, da kuma farfadowar tattalin arziki a wani mataki mafi girma, na taimakawa dorewar saka hannun jari a yankin cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa a shekarar 2017.
Kasashe a kan gaba
Duk wannan yanayin faɗuwar farashin a cikin fasahar hoto tare da ƙaruwa lokaci ɗaya cikin buƙatar wutar lantarki, ya haifar da haɓaka ayyukan da yawa, a cikin matakai daban-daban na aiwatarwa, dYana zuwa daga kwangila zuwa lokaci kafin shigarwa cikin ayyukan.
A halin yanzu Chile ita ce jagora a cikin sanya hotunan hoto a Latin Amurka, a cewar rahoton binciken na GTM, tare da aiki na 1.807 MW, 3.250 MW da ake ginawa da kuma 2.680 MW da aka kulla, Kodayake waɗannan bayanai ne da suka banbanta da waɗanda aka bayar a cikin sabuwar wasiƙarta ta Energyungiyar Sabunta Energyarfin Kuɗi ta Chilean (ACERA), wanda ya sanya wadannan lambobi zuwa 1.673 MW da ke aiki da kuma 1.219 MW da ake kan gini. A cewar masanin harkokin masana'antu kuma marubucin rahoto Manan Parikh, wannan zai kasance shekara mai wahala, duk da haka, saboda abin da ya kira "hanyar sadarwa mai tuni ta cinye."
Hakanan yana tabbatar da cewa Mexico yana da mafi girman kwangilar daukar hoto a duk yankin, tare da fiye da 4 GW na hasken rana har zuwa 2018-2019 biennium, makircin da aka tsara na sa hannu cikin kuzarin sabuntawa a cikin haɗin 25% na 2018, 30% na 2021 da 35% na 2024.
Shari'ar Brazil tana da abubuwan da take da su. Kodayake kasar tana cikin wani tsari na tabarbarewar siyasa da tattalin arziki, ana tsammanin ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar da ke jagorantar hasken rana a yankin. A yanzu, a cewar GTM, kasuwar hoto ta Brazil ta ƙara 267 MW a cikin iyawar hoto a 2016, kodayake dole ne a tabbatar da cewa idan aka kawo bayanan hukumaMisali, Bayanin Kula da Kula da Watanni na Tsarin Wutar Lantarki na watan Janairun da ya gabata, wanda Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai da Makamashi (MME) ta buga, akwai MW 83 da aka haɗa da layin wutar, yayin kuma a cikin rarrabawar ƙarni, bisa ga tushe guda, akwai daidai wannan watan da aka ambata 57 MW. A kowane hali, rahoton ya nuna cewa ƙasar ba da daɗewa ba za ta rasa madafa game da maƙwabta idan yanayi Abubuwan da ke faruwa kwanan nan a cikin tattalin arziki da buƙata ba a juya su ba.
10% da 2020
Dangane da wannan yanayin, rahoton na GTM Research ya ci gaba da cewa "kasuwar Latin Amurka tana kan hanyar haɓaka ƙwarai da gaske", tare da ƙididdigar ƙididdigar 41 GW na buƙatar makamashin hoto da aka sanya tsakanin 2016 da 2021. Ana girka kayan shekara-shekara a kan hanyar ninka a lokaci guda, don haka a ƙarshen shekaru goma ana tsammanin hakan Latin Amurka tana wakiltar 10% na buƙatar duniya don makamashi na photovoltaic.
Tabbas, rahoton ya rubuta wasu tasirin tasiri mara kyau: a gefe guda, bayar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da ayyuka tare da rarar kuɗi kaɗan na iya zama cikas ga masu haɓaka; a daya bangaren, faduwar darajar kudi a kasashen Mexico da Brazil na iya kuma shafar yanayin a gaba.
Boom a Mexico
A shekarar da ta gabata, Mexico ta fara aiwatar da gwanjon gwanjo na mahimman kuzari mai mahimmanci, wani abu mai ban mamaki ga ƙasar da a lokacin shekarun da suka gabata ya kasance ɗayan mahimmin matsayi a fagen samar da mai.
A wannan yanayin, akwai shakku game da ko wannan shawarar sauyawar makamashi zai iya zama mai amfani ga hotunan hoto, muddin zai iya yin gogayya da sauran hanyoyin makamashi kamar iska da iskar gas. Amma wadannan fargabar an ajiye su ne a lokacin da aka fitar da sakamakon sakamakon gwanjo na watan Maris da Satumba na bara. PV ya zama babban, babban mai nasara a duka biyun, tare da 4,2 GW na iya aiki a farashin ƙasa da $ 33 a kowace megawatt.
Sauran abubuwa suna taimakawa wajen kasancewa da kyakkyawan fata game da ƙasar Arewacin Amurka. Misali, tallace-tallacen kayan masarufi da masu amfani da wutar lantarki ke aiwatarwa, kuma musamman rarrabawar ƙarni, ana tallafawa ta kwanan nansabon tsarin auna ma'auni da ka'idojin biyan kudi.
Labari: http://america.energias-renovables.com/fotovoltaica/el-boom-fotovoltaico-20170421