Ana daukar Bismuth a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi yawan karafa a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, wani sinadari ne dake cikin rukuni na 15 na tebur na lokaci-lokaci, mai alamar sinadarai Bi, lambar atomic 83 da lambar atomic na mass 208.9804. Saboda launin wannan sinadari, kalmar bismuth ta fito ne daga kalmar Jamusanci "bisemutum", wanda ke nufin "fararen kwayoyin halitta". The bismuth Properties Sun bambanta kuma suna da amfani iri-iri da ya kamata a sani.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye, tarihi, asali da kaddarorin bismuth.
Wasu tarihin
Ya ƙunshi 0,00002% na ɓawon ƙasa, yana da wuya sosai kuma yana kama da azurfa. Yana iya zama a cikin tsarin ma'adinai a cikin yanayin ƙarfe mai tsabta. Yana da wurin narkewa na 271 ° C, yawan nauyin 9800 kg/m³, da wurin tafasa na 1560 ° C.
A baya an ruɗe wannan sinadarin da gubar da tin saboda sun raba wasu kaddarorin makamantansu, amma masanan suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da bambance-bambancen su.
Yana daya daga cikin karafa goma na farko da aka gano, kuma ba a danganta gano shi ga wani mutum musamman, tun da an san shi tun zamanin da. Saboda kamanninsa, da farko an ruɗe sinadarin da gubar da dalma. Bisa la’akari da tsantsan lura da kaddarorin jikin wannan karfe, mai bincike Georgius Agricola, musamman a shekara ta 1546. ya bayyana bismuth a matsayin wani ƙarfe dabam dabam a cikin dangin karafa da ke ɗauke da dalma da gubar.
A cikin shekarun alchemy, wasu masu hakar ma'adinai da ake kira bismuth "tectum argenti," ma'ana "azurfa a cikin yin," yana nufin azurfa da za a samu a cikin duniya a lokacin da aka samu.
A cikin 1738, masu bincike suna son Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Johann Heinrich Pott, da Torbern Olof Bergman sun bambanta bismuth a fili da gubar.; amma sai a shekara ta 1753 Claude François Geoffrey ya nuna cewa karfen bismuth ya bambanta da tin da gubar.
Har ila yau, Incas sun yi amfani da wannan sinadari da kwano da tagulla, inda suka ƙirƙiri wani gami na tagulla don yin wuƙaƙe.
bismuth Properties
Lu'ulu'u ne mai launin toka-fari, mai haske, mai kauri da karye. Bismuth yana faɗaɗa yayin da yake ƙarfafawa kuma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ƙananan ƙarfe kaɗan ne ke fuskantar wannan yanayin. Har ila yau, wannan ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da kowane ƙarfe sai mercury.
Bismuth ba shi da ƙarfi lokacin fallasa busasshiyar iska a cikin ɗaki, amma yana ɗan ɗanɗano oxidizes idan an fallasa shi ga danshi. Haka kuma, idan yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da inda yake narkewa, zai yi sauri ya samar da Layer Oxide, wanda zai ƙone zuwa yellow oxide idan ya zama ja.
Ana iya haɗa wannan ƙarfe kai tsaye da halogens, sulfur, tellurium, da selenium, amma ba tare da phosphorus da nitrogen ba. Ruwan Carboned a yanayin zafi na al'ada ba zai kai masa hari ba, amma tururin ruwa za a sannu a hankali ya yi ja.
Gabaɗaya, kusan dukkanin sifofinsa na fili suna da ƙarfi, amma a wasu lokuta yana iya zama monovalent ko pentavalent. Ya kamata a lura cewa sodium bismuth da bismuth pentafluoride suna da mahimmancin mahadi na Bi (V) saboda na farko shine wakili mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yayin da na ƙarshe yana da amfani mai amfani da furotin mai amfani ga kwayoyin halitta.
Abubuwan bismuth a cikin al'amuran ruhaniya
An san duwatsun Bismuth saboda ikon su na taimakawa kunna makamashin Kundalini, kuma waɗannan duwatsun suna canza kuzari a cikin chakra kambi, suna mayar da shi zuwa tushen chakra.
Lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan kambi chakra, yana taimakawa wajen samun mafi kyawun hukunci, ƙarin ilimi, da hangen nesa.
- Kuna iya haɗa kan membobin ƙungiya cikin tasiri.
- Suna da fa'ida sosai kuma masu kuzarin warkarwa ga jiki.
- Suna taimakawa sosai wajen taimakawa wajen saba da manyan duwatsu masu girgiza.
- Yana taimakawa ƙirƙirar alaƙa mai zurfi zuwa tunanin duniya da kowane abu.
- Suna taimaka muku daidaitawa lokacin da kuka ji kaɗaici, cire haɗin ku daga kanku ko daga wasu.
- Yana jan hankalin tabbatacce vibes lokacin da ya zo kudi.
- A cikin yin fare da caca yana kawo sa'a.
- Zai iya taimaka wa mutane su yi tunani mafi inganci da ƙarancin tsufa.
Yana amfani
- Ana amfani da Bismuth a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, wacce ita ce masana'antar da ta fi buƙatar amfani da wannan sinadari, don samar da maganin zawo da sinadarai don magance cututtukan ido da ƙwayoyin cuta, allergies, flatulence, syphilis, mura da sauransu.
- Bangaren masana'antu kuma suna amfani da bismuth don yin kayan kwalliya kamar su gashin gashi, goge ƙusa da inuwar ido.
- A cikin masana'antar ƙarfe, wannan nau'in yana da amfani don yin allura tare da ƙananan abubuwan narkewa, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman na'urorin da za a kashe su a cikin tsarin tsaro da gano wuta.
- Bismuth shine kyakkyawan madadin gubar, mai guba, kuma saboda kusancinsa, ana amfani dashi don yin ballasts, ballistic projectiles, da sauransu.
- Ana amfani da Bismuth azaman latex garkuwa shafi kuma, saboda ƙimar atomic ɗinsa mai kima da yawa, azaman kariya daga haskoki na X-ray a wasu gwaje-gwajen bincike na likita kamar hoto.
- Akwai motocin da ke da tsarin thermocouple don jigilar man da ke sarrafa makamashin nukiliya U-235 da U-233, kuma ana amfani da bismuth a cikin waɗannan tsarin.
- Garin bismuth da manganese suna samar da bisphenols, waɗanda ake amfani da su don yin maganadisu na dindindin masu ƙarfi sosai.
- Ana amfani da Bismuth oxychloride wajen kera lu'ulu'u na wucin gadi.
- Lokacin da ake buƙatar hasken X-ray na tsarin narkewa, ana ba da bismuth nitrate ga marasa lafiya a cikin nau'in dakatarwa saboda abun da ke ciki yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan ga hasken X.
Asali da samuwar
bismuth ana samun su akai-akai a cikin ƙumburi na dendritic da kuma a cikin veins na hydrothermal high zafin jiki ko pegmatite adibas. Yawanci yana da granular ko ƙwanƙwasa, amma kuma fibrous ko kamar allura.
Ana daukar kasar Sin a matsayin kasar da ta fi kowacce noman bismuth a duniya da daidai da metric ton 7.200, wanda ya ninka sau takwas idan aka hada duka masu kera, su ne: Mexico metric ton 825, Rasha metric ton 40, Canada metric ton 35, da Bolivia metric ton 10. Hakazalika, an yi tsokaci cewa ana samun babban kuma mafi yawan ajiyar bismuth a Kudancin Amurka.
Sauran wuraren da ake iya samun bismuth sune: Jamus, Amurka, Spain, Ingila da Ostiraliya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kaddarorin bismuth da halayensa.