Kamar dai yadda ɗan adam ke neman tushen makamashi waɗanda za'a iya sabunta su don zama madadin su burbushin mai, An haifi halittun mai. Daya daga cikinsu shine biomethane. Biomethane ya taso ne daga biogas, wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar godiya ga nau'ikan kayan maye. Koyaya, don amfani da wannan gas ɗin, dole ne a tsarkake shi. Wannan shine yadda ake haifar biomethane.
Anan za mu gaya muku komai game da wannan man shuke-shuke.
Menene biomethane kuma yaya ake samar dashi
Wajibi ne don bincika mahimmancin madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi zuwa makamashi marasa sabuntawa, tunda gurbatar iska yana kara munana sakamakon canjin yanayi. Da kadan kadan dole mu matsa zuwa sauyin makamashi inda tushen makamashi ya fito daga asali daban-daban kuma muna samun cikakken hadewa inda makamashi masu sabuntawa ke daukar babban mahimmanci.
El biogas Shine wanda ake samarwa daga wasu nau'ikan kaddarorin halitta. Zamu iya ganin ta a cikin ragowar kayan gona kamar amfanin gona matsakaici, taki, ciyawa, da dai sauransu. Hakanan an ƙirƙira shi a cikin dattin shara da sauran sharar gida, na gida da na masana'antu. Sanannen abu ne cewa samar da gas yana da yawa a juji mai shara. A cikin waɗannan wuraren zubar da shara an yi ƙoƙari don sanya yadudduka daban-daban don binne sharar kuma an gina bututu don sake lissafin iskar da ke samarwa a bazuwar sharar. Ana kiran wannan gas din biogas.
Koyaya, ba za'a iya amfani da wannan gas ɗin ba kamar yadda yake, amma dole ne a fara tsarkake shi. Bari muyi la’akari da asalin biogas don sanin sarai daga ina ne asalin halitta yake. Ana samar da kwayar halittar gas daga sakamakon narkarwar anaerobic. Wannan yana nufin, idan babu oxygen. Akwai kwayoyin cuta da yawa wadanda suke aiki ta hanyar lalata kwayoyin halitta kuma basa bukatar oxygen don yin hakan. Ta hanyar wannan aikin gas na farko mai kuzari wanda ba a magance shi ya fito.
Haɗin wannan gas ɗin yana tsakanin methan 50 zuwa 75% da sauran CO2 da kankanin adadin tururin ruwa, nitrogen, oxygen, da hydrogen sulfide. Wannan gas ɗin farko da aka kirkira zai iya fitar da ɗan tururin ruwa wanda yake dashi tare da sauran ƙananan ƙananan abubuwan da zasu iya samar da zafi da wutar lantarki.
Koyaya, don amfani da gas ta kowace hanya, kamar allurarsa a cikin hanyar sadarwar gas ko amfani da shi azaman mai a cikin ababen hawa, ya zama dole a bi ta hanyar tsarkakewar kafin. Tsarin yana kunshe da kawar da iskar carbon dioxide a cikin abin da yake ciki, don haka yawancin gas shine methane. Mafi Yawanci, gas ɗin da aka goge ya ƙunshi methane 96% kuma ya cika wasu ƙa'idodi da za'a yi amfani da su kamar gas ne na ƙasa.
Daga lokacin da gas ke da wannan abun, an riga an kira shi biomethane.
Yana amfani da dorewa
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, biomethane shine za'a sake sabunta shi zuwa mai. Abunda yake dashi da karfin kuzari yayi kamanceceniya da iskar gas. Saboda haka, ana amfani dashi don dalilai ɗaya. Ana iya yin allurar Biomethane a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar gas kuma ana amfani da shi azaman iskar gas a gwargwado daban ko amfani da shi azaman abin hawa a cikin ababen hawa.
Samar da wannan gas din ya fi karko, tunda ana amfani da kayan albarkatu iri-iri. Wannan ya sa halayen muhallinsu suka banbanta matuka, amma suna da amfani sosai fiye da tushen mai. Yayin samarwa babu gurɓatuwa kuma, kodayake yayin amfani dashi akwai, jimillar jimillar ta ragu sosai idan muka yi amfani da iskar gas na yau da kullun. Bugu da kari, biomethane yana sabuntawa cikin lokaci.
Lokacin amfani da narkewar abinci, kamar takin gargajiya da inganta ƙasa, ana samun ajiyar kuɗi mai yawa a cikin farashin samar da wasu takin mai ma'adinai. Ta wannan hanyar, muna guje wa hayaƙin da ke tattare da samarwa. Mun dawo kan batun a gabani, jimillar adadin hayakin tana kasa. Don ba ku ra'ayi, an kiyasta cewa tare da amfani da narkewar abinci maimakon takin mai ma'adinai Ana iya rage hayakin CO13 a cikin kowace tan zuwa kilogiram 2.
Fa'idodin amfani dashi
Kamar yadda muka gani ya zuwa yanzu, biomethane kyakkyawan zaɓi ne na makamashi ga waɗanda ba za a iya sabunta su ba. Akwai fa'idodi da yawa waɗanda wannan gas ɗin ke bayarwa. Musamman, ɗayansu shine cewa yana da samfur mai fa'ida daga ra'ayi na kasuwanci. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin abubuwanda ake amfani dasu yanzu don iskar gas ba tare da buƙatar gina sabo ba. Masana kimiyya sunyi da'awar cewa su fasahar tsarkakewa ta sami cikakken yarda da ci gaba.
Dangane da fa'idodi na amfaninta, yana ba da gudummawa don cimma burin sauyin yanayi tun da yana rage yawan hayaƙin CO2. Wannan yana kawo cigaba a ingancin iska kuma yana ba da independenceancin energyancin ƙarfi. Tare da samun independenceancin samar da makamashi ba lallai bane mu dogara ga siyan makamashi daga wasu ƙasashe saboda muna iya samar da shi da kanmu.
Wani fa'ida shine ayyukan da yake samarwa yayin samarwa da amfani da biomethane a yankunan noma kuma tare da mai amfani da makamashi.
Yaya ake samar da biomethane a Turai
Akwai kasashe 15 na Tarayyar Turai wadanda ke kera da amfani da kwayoyin halitta. Yawancin wannan biomethane ana amfani dashi don samar da zafi da wutar lantarki. Amfani da shi a cikin sufuri yana da mahimmanci kuma yana sanya sarari a cikin kasuwanni. Misali, a cikin Sweden mun sami biomethane a matsayin mai mai yawan amfani fiye da iskar gas. Hakanan Jamus tana ƙara yawan amfani da wannan gas ɗin a cikin shekaru da yawa.
An kiyasta cewa, ta hanyar 2020, Yawan gas mai inganci zai fi mita biliyan biliyan 14, wanda yake daidai da iskar gas. Wannan adadin na biomethane ba zai yi wani mummunan tasiri ba a yankin gonar da ake amfani da shi don samar da abinci da abinci. A cikin juyawar amfanin gona da sake amfani da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin halittu, yawan aiki yana haɓaka godiya ga amfani da narkewar abinci.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da biomethane da halayenta.