Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da makamashin makamashi ko makamashin biomass

A cikin labarin da ya gabata Ina magana ne game da makamashin geothermal kuma nayi tsokaci cewa makamashi masu sabuntawa da suke wanzu a wannan duniyar, akwai wasu sanannu da amfani dasu, kamar hasken rana da iska, da sauransu waɗanda ba a san su ba (wani lokacin kusan ba a ambata suna) kamar makamashin geothermal da na biomass.

Energyarfin wutar lantarki ko kuma ana kiranta samar da makamashi ba a san shi sosai ba kuma ba a amfani da shi fiye da sauran nau'ikan ƙarfin kuzari. A cikin wannan sakon zamu san duk abin da ya danganci wannan nau'in makamashi mai sabuntawa da amfaninta.

Menene makamashin biomass ko makamashin makamashi?

Biomass makamashi wani nau'i ne na makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda ake samu ta ciki konewa na mahaɗan mahaɗan da aka samo ta hanyar hanyoyin halitta. Halittu ne na baƙinciki kamar ragowar pruning, duwatsun zaitun, bawon goro, ragowar itace, da sauransu Wannan ya fito ne daga dabi'a. Kuna iya cewa su halakar yanayi ne.

Wadannan ragowar kwayoyin sun kone ta kai tsaye konewa ko za'a iya canza shi zuwa wasu makamashi kamar barasa, methanol ko mai, kuma ta wannan hanyar muke samun kuzari. Tare da sharar gida zamu iya samun biogas.

Daban-daban hanyoyin samun makamashi

Babban halayyar samar da makamashi shine cewa wani nau'in sabunta makamashi sabili da haka, ɗorewa ne ga al'umma da kuma amfani da makamashi. Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, ana samun wannan kuzarin ne ta hanyar cinye nau'ikan sharar iri daban-daban, walau daji ko noma, in ba haka ba ba za a yi amfani da shi kwata-kwata ba. Koyaya, zamu ga waɗanne irin hanyoyin amfani da kimiyyar biomass don amfani da makamashi da abin da ake amfani da su:

• Ana iya samun makamashi ta hanyar albarkatun makamashi waɗanda aka keɓance don shi kawai. Waɗannan wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne waɗanda har zuwa yanzu ba su da wani aiki na abinci mai gina jiki ko don rayuwar ɗan adam, amma waɗanda ke da kyakkyawar ƙirar biomass. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke amfani da wannan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire don samar da makamashin makamashi.
• Hakanan za'a iya samun makamashi ta hanyar daban-daban ayyukan gandun daji, lokacin da baza a iya amfani da ko sayar da ragowar gandun daji don wasu ayyuka ba. Tsaftace wadannan ragowar gandun daji na da fa'idar cewa, baya ga bayar da gudummawa wajen tsaftace yankunan da samar da makamashi mai dorewa, yana kaucewa yiwuwar afkuwar gobara saboda konewar ragowar.

• Wani tushen sharar gida don samar da makamashin makamashi na iya zama amfani da lmasana'antu sharar gida. Waɗannan na iya zuwa daga aikin sassaƙa ko masana'antar da ke amfani da itace azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Hakanan zai iya zuwa daga sharar datti kamar su ramin zaitun ko bawon almond.

Yaya ake samar da makamashin biomass?

Energyarfin da aka samu ta hanyar ragowar kwayoyin ana samar dashi ne ta hanyar konewarsu. Wannan konewa yana faruwa a ciki boilers inda kayan suke ƙone kaɗan kaɗan. Wannan tsarin yana haifar da toka wanda za'a iya amfani dashi daga baya kuma ayi amfani dashi azaman takin. Hakanan za'a iya shigar da mai tara abubuwa don iya adana yawan zafin da aka samar kuma don iya amfani da wannan kuzarin daga baya.

Babban kayayyakin da aka samo daga biomass

Tare da sharar gida, mai kamar:

• Biofuels: Wadannan ana samun su ne daga dabbobi da tsire-tsire. Yanayin waɗannan ragowar za'a iya sabunta su, ma'ana, koyaushe ana samar dasu a cikin muhalli kuma basa raguwa. Yin amfani da albarkatun mai ya sa ya yiwu a maye gurbin burbushin halittun da aka samo daga mai. Don samun ɗanyen mai, ana iya amfani da nau'ikan don amfanin gona, kamar masara da rogo, ko tsire-tsire masu laushi kamar waken soya, sunflower ko dabino. Hakanan ana iya amfani da nau'in daji kamar su eucalyptus da pines. Amfani da muhalli na amfani da man shuke-shuken shine shine ya zama sake zagayowar carbon. Wato, carbon din da yake fitarwa a yayin konewa na shuke-shuken shuke-shuke tuni shuke-shuke suka mamaye shi yayin girma da samarwa. Kodayake wannan a halin yanzu ana tattaunawa tunda daidaitaccen abin da aka saka da kuma fitar da CO2 ba daidai yake ba.

• Halitta: Wannan wani ruwa ne mai maye wanda aka samar dashi daga kayan sabuntawa da albarkatun gida kamar su kayan lambu ko kitse na dabbobi. Ba ya ƙunshe da mai, yana iya lalacewa kuma ba mai guba ba ne saboda ba shi da sinadarin sulphur da carcinogenic.
• Bioethanol: Ana samar da wannan man ne sakamakon kumburin da kuma narkewar sitaci da ke cikin kwayar halittar, wanda a baya ake fitar dashi ta hanyoyin enzymatic. An samo shi ta hanyar kayan albarkatu masu zuwa: sitaci da hatsi (alkama, masara, hatsin rai, rogo, dankali, shinkafa) da sugars (karafan molasses, molasses beet, syrup syrup, fructose, whey).
• Biogas: Wannan iskar gas samfurin ne na lalata kwayar halitta. A cikin wuraren da aka binne, ana fitar da gas ta hanyar bututun don amfani da makamashi mai zuwa.

Menene biomass ake amfani dashi kuma menene amfani dashi a yankinmu?

Gabaɗaya kuma kusan ko similarasa da kama da makamashin geothermal, biomass da shi ake amfani da shi wajen samar da zafi. A matakin masana'antu zamu iya samun amfani da zafin da aka faɗi don ƙarni na makamashin lantarki, kodayake ya fi rikitarwa da tsada. Don cin gajiyar zafin da konewar ɗakunan sharar keɓaɓɓu ya haifar, ana sanya tukunyar ruwa a cikin gidaje don samun dumama da kuma dumama ruwa.

A cikin yankinmu, Spain tana ciki wuri na huɗu a cikin ƙasashen da ke cinye mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta. Spain ita ce jagorar Turai a cikin samar da bioethanol. Lissafi ya nuna cewa biomass a Spain ya kai kusan 45% na samar da kuzarin sabuntawa. Andalusia, Galicia da Castilla y León su ne al'ummomin masu cin gashin kansu tare da mafi yawan amfani saboda kasancewar kamfanonin da ke cin abincin biomass. Canjin yanayin amfani da biomass yana haifar da sabbin hanyoyin fasaha kuma ana cigaba da bunkasa don amfani dashi wajen samar da makamashin lantarki.

Biomass tukunyar jirgi da aikinsu

Ana amfani da boilers na biomass azaman tushen makamashin biomass kuma don samar da zafi a cikin gidaje da gine-gine. Suna amfani da mai na halitta kamar gwal na katako, ramin zaitun, ragowar gandun daji, bawon goro, da sauransu. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don zafin ruwa a cikin gidaje da gine-gine.

Aikin yayi kama da na duk wani tukunyar jirgi. Waɗannan boilers suna ƙona mai kuma suna haifar da harshen wuta wanda yake shiga zagaye na ruwa a cikin mai musayar zafin, don haka samun ruwan zafi don tsarin. Don inganta amfani da tukunyar jirgi da albarkatun ƙasa kamar su mai, ana iya shigar da mai tarawa wanda zai adana zafin da aka samar ta hanya irin ta yadda hasken rana ke yi.

Don adana ƙwayoyin halittar da za ayi amfani da su azaman mai, tukunyar jirgi suna buƙata kwandon ajiya. Daga wannan kwantena, ta hanyar dunƙule mara ƙarewa ko feeder feeder, yana ɗauka dashi zuwa tukunyar jirgi, inda konewar yake. Wannan konewa yana haifar da toka wanda dole ne a zubar dashi sau da yawa a shekara kuma tara shi a cikin toka.

Nau'in tukunyar jirgi

Lokacin zabar wane irin tukunyar jirgi wanda zamu saya da amfani dashi, dole ne muyi nazarin tsarin adanawa da tsarin jigilar kaya da sarrafa su. Wasu tukunyar ruwa Bada damar kona sama da nau'in mai guda daya, yayin da wasu (kamar su ɗakunan kwalliya) kawai ke ba da izinin mai iri ɗaya ya ƙone.

Boilers wanda ke ba da izinin ƙona mai fiye da ɗaya storageara ƙarfin ajiya tunda sun fi girma da iko. Waɗannan ana nufin su ne don amfanin masana'antu.

A gefe guda kuma mun same shikamar yadda bolat boilers waxanda sune mafi yawa ga matsakaita iko kuma ana amfani dasu don dumama da ruwan zafi na gida ta amfani da masu tarawa a cikin gida har zuwa 500 m2.

Fa'idodi na amfani da makamashin biomass

Daga cikin fa'idodin da muke samu na amfani da biomass azaman makamashi da muke da su:

• Yana da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Muna magana ne game da amfani da sharar da yanayi ya samar don samar da makamashi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke da tushen makamashi mara ƙarewa, tunda yanayi yana haifar da waɗannan nau'ikan sharar ci gaba.
• Rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, hayakin da muke fitarwa a lokacin konewarsa a baya amfanin gona ya mamaye shi yayin ci gabansa da kuma samar da shi. Wannan abin rikici ne a yau, tunda ma'aunin CO2 da aka fitar da kuma nutsuwa bai daidaita ba.

• Farashin kasuwa yayi kadan. Wannan amfani da kuzarin da ke cikin kwayar halitta yana da matukar tattalin arziki idan aka kwatanta shi da mai. Yawanci yana biyan kuɗi na uku.
• Biomass babbar hanya ce a duk duniya. A kusan duk wurare a duniyar, ana haifar da sharar gida daga yanayi kuma ana iya amfani da ita don amfani da ita. Bugu da ƙari, a gaba ɗaya, manyan abubuwan more rayuwa ba su da mahimmanci don kawo ɓarnar zuwa wurin ƙonewa.

Rashin dacewar amfani da makamashin biomass

Rashin dacewar amfani da wannan kuzarin 'yan kadan ne, amma dole ne a kula dasu:

• A wasu yankuna, saboda mawuyacin yanayin hakar mai, na iya zama mai tsada. Hakanan wannan yakan faru ne a cikin ayyukan amfani waɗanda suka haɗa da tattara, sarrafawa da adana wasu nau'ikan biomass.
• Ana buƙatar manyan yankuna don hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don samun makamashin biomass, musamman don adanawa, tunda ragowar suna da ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarfi.
• Wani lokaci amfani da wannan makamashi na iya haifar da lalacewar tsarin halittu ko rarrabuwa saboda ayyukan tattara kwayoyin halittu da sauya sararin samaniya don samun albarkatu.

Tare da wadannan ra'ayoyin zaka iya samun hangen nesa game da wannan nau'in makamashi mai sabuntawa. Koyaya, a wani lokaci zan kara baku bayani game da nau'ikan tukunyar tayin biomass, aikin su, nau'ikan su da fa'idodin su, da kuma game da rigimar da aka ambata a sama game da hayakin da ke cikin sararin samaniya.