Don gujewa amfani da burbushin burbushin da ke ƙaruwa dumamar yanayi sakamakon gurɓataccen iskar gas, ana ci gaba da bincike da haɓaka wasu nau'ikan madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, kamar kuzari masu sabuntawa kamar yadda muka san su. Akwai nau'ikan makamashin da ake sabuntawa da yawa: hasken rana, iska, geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, da sauransu. Makamashi daga albarkatun ƙasa, kamar biodiesel, shine tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya maye gurbin burbushin halittu.
Ana iya samar da biodiesel ko m acid methyl esters (FAME) daga mai da kitse iri -iri ta hanyar tsarin esterification, gami da rapeseed da sunflower, waken soya da walnuts a gefe guda, da mai da kitse da wasu ke amfani da su. Tsarin yana farawa ta hanyar fitar da mai daga tsire -tsire masu mai. Kuna son ƙarin sani game da biodiesel? Anan zamu bayyana muku komai.
Muhimmancin albarkatun mai
Tun juyin juya halin masana'antu, bil'adama ke tallafawa da haɓaka kimiyya da fasaha tare da kuzarin da aka samo daga burbushin burbushin. Su ne man fetur, kwal da gas. Kodayake inganci da kuzarin waɗannan kuzari suna da yawa, waɗannan man sun ƙuntata kuma suna ƙarewa cikin sauri. Bugu da kari, amfani da wadannan man fetur zai samar da gurbataccen iskar gas zuwa cikin yanayi, ta haka za a ci gaba da samun karin zafi a cikin yanayi da haddasa dumamar yanayi da sauyin yanayi.
Don waɗannan dalilai, mutane suna ƙoƙarin nemo wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi don taimakawa rage matsalolin da ke tattare da amfani da burbushin halittu. A wannan yanayin, ana ɗaukar iskar gas ɗin tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa saboda an samar da su daga ƙwayoyin halittar shuka. Shuka biomass, ba kamar mai ba, baya ɗaukar miliyoyin shekaru don samarwaa maimakon haka, yana yin haka ne bisa sikelin da mutum zai iya sarrafawa. Ana kuma samar da albarkatun ruwa daga albarkatun gona da za a iya sake shukawa. Daga cikin abubuwan da muke da su ethanol da biodiesel.
Menene biodiesel
Biodiesel wani nau'in biofuel ne, wanda aka yi da sabbin kayan mai da aka yi amfani da su da wasu kitsen dabbobi. Tunda mutane da yawa sun fara kera mai nasu a gida don gujewa kashe kuɗi da yawa akan mai, biodiesel ya shahara sosai kuma ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya.
Ana iya amfani da Biodiesel a cikin motocin da ke amfani da diesel da yawa ba tare da gyara injin da yawa ba. Koyaya, tsoffin injunan dizal na iya buƙatar sake gyara don sarrafa biodiesel. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙaramin masana'antar biodiesel ya fito a Amurka kuma wasu tashoshin sabis sun riga sun ba da biodiesel.
Yadda aka kafa biodiesel
Tsarin yana farawa tare da hakar mai daga tsirrai. Bayan tacewa, ana canza mai zuwa FAME ko biodiesel ta ƙara methanol da mai kara kuzari. Dangane da halayensa masu kama da man dizal, ana iya amfani da biodiesel a cikin injunan dizal masu ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, ban da fa'idarsa a matsayin mai mai ruwa, ana iya amfani da shi don samar da zafi da kuzari. Kasancewar wannan man ba ya ɗauke da sinadarin hydrocarbons mai ƙanshi na polycyclic yana ba da damar adana shi da jigilar shi ba tare da haɗarin da ke bayyane ba. Saboda yana fitowa daga mai mai kayan lambu da kitse na dabbobi, tushen makamashi ne mai sabuntawa kuma mai haɓakawa.
Biodiesel za a iya gauraya shi da dizal na burbushin halittu daban -daban ba tare da manyan canje -canjen injin ba. Koyaya, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da cakuda ƙaramin adadin dizal ba tare da canza halayen injin ba, saboda ba za a iya ba da tabbacin aikinsa ba bisa binciken da aka yi zuwa yanzu.
A gefe guda, biodiesel yana da kyawawan kaddarorin mai kamar yadda yake iskar oxygenSabili da haka, a cikin ƙaramin rabo, zai iya inganta aikin man diesel, har ma ya zarce fa'idar sulfur. Ya yi kama da wani abu da ke tsawanta rayuwar shiryayye. Cikakken tsarin samun biodiesel shine m duka a cikin ƙididdiga da makamashi.
disadvantages
Idan aka kwatanta da aikin da aka saba yi na man dizal, ɗaya daga cikin rashin amfanin amfani da biodiesel shine rage ƙarfin. Abubuwan makamashin biodiesel yayi ƙasa. Gabaɗaya, lita na dizal ya ƙunshi kcal na makamashi 9.300, yayin da adadin biodiesel ɗin ya ƙunshi kawai kcal na makamashi 8.600. Ta wannan hanyar, ana buƙatar ƙarin biodiesel don samun iko iri ɗaya kamar na dizal.
A gefe guda, muhimmin halayyar da za a yi la’akari da ita shine lambar cetane, wanda dole ne ya fi 40 don yin aiki yadda yakamata. Babban man cetane yana ba da damar injin ya fara sauri da sauƙi kuma ya dumama a yanayin zafi ba tare da ɓarna ba. Biodiesel yana da lambar cetane kwatankwacin dizal, saboda haka ana iya amfani dashi a cikin injin guda ɗaya ba tare da haifar da manyan matsaloli ba.
Wani batun da za a yi la’akari da shi yayin magana game da mai shine tasirin su akan muhalli da yuwuwar tasirin da ke da alaƙa wanda za a iya watsawa ga al’umma. A wannan yanayin, ana iya cewa amfani da biodiesel a matsayin musanya ko bangaren cakuda dizal-biodiesel Yana iya rage gurɓataccen iskar gas da ake fitarwa zuwa sararin samaniya, kamar nitrogen oxides (NOx) ko carbon dioxide (CO2). Teburin da ke biye yana nuna raguwar yawan dizal mai tsabta.
Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni
- Idan aka kwatanta da dizal na asalin burbushin halittu, Biodiesel yana da fa'idodin muhalli saboda yana rage gurɓataccen iskar gas.
- Idan aka kwatanta da dizal din mai, ragin carbon monoxide ya ragu da kashi 78%.
- Lokacin da aka ƙara biodiesel zuwa man dizal na gargajiya, har ma a cikin cakuda ƙasa da 1%, za a iya inganta lubricity na man diesel.
- Fetur ne mara illa ga muhalli.
- An yi shi ne daga albarkatun ƙasa masu sabuntawa.
- Ya ƙunshi kusan babu sulfur. Guji watsi da SOx (ruwan sama na acid ko tasirin greenhouse).
- Inganta konewa da rage hayaƙi da ƙura mai ƙima (kusan kusan 55%, kawar da hayaƙin baƙar fata da ƙamshi mara daɗi).
- Yana samar da ƙarancin carbon dioxide yayin aiwatar da konewa fiye da carbon dioxide wanda tsirrai ke sha (rufewar carbon dioxide).
Wanda ya rasa wannan bayanin zai iya ƙarin koyo game da irin wannan ƙirar biofuel.