Bambanci tsakanin kwayar dabbobi da kwayar halitta

Yayinda fasaha ke haɓaka a fannin ilimin ƙirar kwayar halitta, za a iya ƙarin koyo game da iyawa, amfani, da aikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Ga ɗan adam da ci gaban rayuwa kamar yadda muka san shi, yana da mahimmanci a san ƙwayoyin dabbobi da na tsire-tsire. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya fahimtar aikin halittu masu rai. Hakanan zamu iya fahimtar cututtukan da suke fama da su kuma mu sami damar haɓaka dabarun magunguna kan cututtuka.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu bayyana abin da bambance-bambance tsakanin kwayoyin dabbobi da na tsirrai tare da duk bayanan.

Menene kwayar halitta

Abu na farko shine sanin menene kwayar halitta. Ya zama dole a san cewa sashin ilimin halittar kowane irin halitta. Yana da ikon haifuwa, girma, motsa jiki, yin ma'amala tare da sauran ƙwayoyin da ɗaukar sigina daga yanayin yanayin. Hakanan yana da ikon tsara mutuwar sa. Akwai halittu masu rai kwaya daya kawai. Wadannan kwayoyin an san su da unicellular. Misali, kwayoyin cuta guda-guda.

Rayayyun halittu da ke da kwayar halitta fiye da ɗaya ana kiran su multicellular, kamar yadda zai iya faruwa ga dabbobi da tsirrai. Game da ƙwayoyin halittu masu yawa, muna da ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba ɗaiɗaikun mutane ba ne. Ba suyi aiki a keɓe ba, kodayake kowannensu yana da takamaiman aikinsa. Sel a cikin jiki suna iya sadarwa tare da juna ta hanyar sigina. Don haka suke gudanar da aiki don daidaitawa da kuma amsa siginoni da suka zo daga mahalli na waje, ta yadda kwayar halitta zata iya danganta da yanayin wajenta.

Kwayoyin ma Suna iya daidaita ci gaba ta fuskar alamun da suke karɓa kuma suna shirya mutuwar su kafin tarawar wasu maye gurbi ko gazawa a cikin aikin tsarin gaba daya. Misali game da mahimmancin wannan tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta yana zuwa lokacin da akwai wani nau'in cutar kansa. Kwayar halitta ta fara fita daga iko saboda ba ta da ikon kasancewa tare da yanayin da suke kuma ba za su iya shirya mutuwar su daidai ba.

Babu wani binciken da ya samo takamaiman abubuwa game da ƙwayoyin da aka yi ba tare da ci gaban fasaha da ƙere-ƙere a cikin gani da lantarki ba. Wannan juyin juya halin a cikin kimiyya da lura ya kasance mai yiwuwa a kowane lokaci saboda ci gaba da samar da madubin hangen nesa wanda zai iya lura da sifofin karami daya.

Mai kama da dabbobi da tsire-tsire

Yanzu dole ne mu san yadda dabbobin da dabbobin suke da kamanni ɗaya don daga baya mu san manyan bambance-bambance. Zamu takaita su kadan kadan kadan kuma muyi nazarin su:

• Dukkanin kwayoyin sunadaran halittun halittu ne kuma sunada ayyuka na asali. Su ne mafi mahimmancin rayayyun rayayyun halittu kuma duka suna aikata ayyuka iri ɗaya.
• Dukkanin tsirrai da na dabbobi sune kwayoyin eukaryotic. Wato, suna da kwayar halitta wacce aka tsara tare da murfin da zai kare su, cytoskeleton, gabobin kwayoyin salula masu yawa kuma, sabanin kwayoyin cuta da archaea, suma suna da kwayar halittar jini wacce aka tsara kuma aka cusa ta cikin chromosomes.
• Dukkanin kwayoyin suna da membrane wanda yake iyakancewa ga cytoplasm kuma yake matsayin kariya. Kuna iya cewa kamar murfin tantanin halitta ne ko garkuwar da ke kare ta.
• Duka kwayoyin suna tsakanin 10 zuwa 100 micron a girma. Kwayoyin dabbobi yawanci basu da girma fiye da kwayoyin shuka.
• Idan aka ba su ƙananan girma, ba za ka iya ganinsu da ido ba, amma dai yana buƙatar taimakon microscopes.

Tare da waɗannan mahimman bayanai, zamu iya cewa ƙwayoyin dabbobi da tsire-tsire suna kama da juna. Koyaya, kamar yadda kuke gani, dabbobi da tsirrai ba su da alaƙa da juna. Menene ya banbanta wadannan kwayoyin halitta don halittun daban suke?

Bambanci tsakanin kwayar dabbobi da kwayar halitta

Da zarar mun ambaci kamanceceniya, yanzu zamu ga bambance-bambance da zamu iya samu a cikin ƙwayoyin duka.

• Kwayoyin tsire-tsire suna da bangon kwayar halitta a bayan murfin plasma wanda dabbobi ba su da shi.. Kamar dai shi ne abin rufewa na biyu da ya rufe shi da kyau. Wannan bangon yana bashi babban tsauri da kariya mafi girma. Wannan bangon ya kunshi sillulose, lignin, da sauran kayan aikin. Wasu daga cikin abubuwanda aka gina na bangon kwayar suna da wasu aikace-aikace a fagen kasuwanci da masana'antu.
• Ba kamar kwayar dabba ba, kwayar shuka tana da chloroplasts a ciki. Chloroplasts sune wadanda suke da launuka irin su chlorophyll ko carotene wadanda sune suke baiwa shuke-shuke damar daukar hoto.
• Kwayoyin shuka suna iya samar da abincinsu saboda wasu abubuwan da basu dace ba. Suna yin wannan ta hanyar abin da ya faru na hotunan hoto. Wannan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki ana kiransa autotrophic.
• Kwayoyin dabbobi, a gefe guda, ba su da ikon samar da nasu abinci daga abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Sabili da haka, abinci mai gina jiki shine heterotrophic. Dabbobi dole ne su haɗa da abinci irin na wasu dabbobi ko tsirrai da kansu.
• Kwayoyin tsire-tsire suna ba da damar canza makamashin sunadarai zuwa hasken rana ko makamashi mai haske sakamakon aikin photosynthesis.
• A cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi, mitochondria ne ke samar da kuzari.
• Cytoplasm na kwayar tsire-tsire yana ɗauke da manyan kwalliya a cikin kashi 90% na sararin samaniya. Wani lokaci akan sami babban sau ɗaya kawai. Vacuoles suna aiki don adana samfuran samfuran da suka samo asali yayin aiwatar da rayuwa. Bugu da kari, yana kawar da kayayyakin sharar gida daban-daban wadanda ke faruwa a cikin halaye na rayuwa guda daya. Kwayoyin dabbobi suna da kwazazzabo amma suna da girma kaɗan kuma basa ɗaukar sarari da yawa.
• A cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi muna samun kwayar halitta mai suna centrosome. Ita ce ke da alhakin raba chromosomes don ƙirƙirar ɗiyan ɗanta, yayin da a cikin ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire wannan kwayar halittar babu ita.
• Kwayoyin shuke-shuke suna da siffa mai tsarkewa, yayin da kwayoyin dabbobi suke da siffofi daban-daban.

Kamar yadda kake gani, kodayake suna da irin waɗannan ayyuka, suna iya samun manyan bambance-bambance. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin ƙwayoyin dabbobi da tsirrai.