Abu mai rai

A wasu labaran zamuyi magana akan al'amarin inert. Wannan kayan aikin ne wanda bashi da rai kuma baya mu'amala da kowane mai rai. Yau zamuyi magana akan al'amarin rayuwa. Itace wacce aka tsara ta ta hanyar halittu masu rai waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin biosphere. Idan kwayar halitta zata iya mu'amala da juna, dole ne ya kasance yana da sadarwa mai karfi.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye da misalan kwayar halitta.

Menene kwayoyin halitta

Abu mai rai shine wanda yake tsoma baki cikin dukkan mahimman matakai kamar numfashi, ciyarwa, ci gaba da yalwa. Suna shiga cikin kula da sauye-sauyen sunadarai na asali wanda ke faruwa a duk cikin biosphere. Kodayake ba a yi la'akari da shi da yawa ba, ya zama dole a jaddada rawar da kwayar halitta ke tattare da iskar gas a sararin samaniya.

Kwayar halitta tana tattare da kwayoyin halittar autotrophic da heterotrophic. Waɗannan na farkon sune waɗanda zasu iya ƙirƙirar abincinsu da kansu. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da shuke-shuke waɗanda ke da ikon ƙirƙirar abinci ta hanyar aikin daukar hoto wanda yake karɓar hasken rana. A gefe guda, muna da kwayoyin halittar heterotrophic. Su ne waɗanda ke ciyar da wasu rayayyun halittu kuma suke samun kuzarinsu ta hanyar su. Akwai rukuni na uku wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗuwa. Wadannan kwayoyin zasu iya samun halayan duka biyun a lokaci guda.

Al’amarin rayuwa bashi da wani bayani na zahirin rayuwa har zuwa yau. An yi ƙoƙari don ayyana halittar rayuwa sakamakon hanyoyi daban-daban. Ana iya cewa ƙarfi ne ko ƙa'idar da ake samu a cikin dukkan halittu masu rai. Akwai mutanen da suke ayyana abu mai rai a matsayin yanayin ƙasa wanda ke tattare da samun ƙarfin kumburi, ci gaba, amsawa ga abubuwa daban-daban da haifuwa.

Babban fasali

Zamu duba menene manyan halayen da ke bayanin kwayoyin halitta. Ba duk halaye ne da ke alaƙa da kwayar halitta suke keɓance ba. Akwai wasu da ke cikin keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu. Za mu bayyana abin da suke:

Movimiento

Kusan dukkanin kwayoyin halitta suna da ikon motsawa ta amfani da nau'ikan locomotion daban-daban. Mun fara bayanin kananan halittu masu ci gaba kamar kwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, suna da hanyoyin motsa jiki dangane da wanzuwar flagella. Sauran nau'ikan halittu da suka samo asali kamar su kashin baya suna da nau'ikan motsa jiki daban-daban.Daga cikin nau'ikan motsin da ake samu, wanda suke motsawa yana dogaro ne da muhalli. Za mu iya samun wasu hanyoyin motsi a cikin yanayin ruwa, na sama da na ƙasa.

Ana iya cewa tsire-tsire sun zama banda ga motsin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A cikin tsiren akwai saitin motsi wanda ba za a iya inganta shi daga waje ba. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sune shayar da abubuwan gina jiki, numfashi da motsi na ruwan itace, da sauransu.

Hankali da numfashi

Yana daga cikin halaye da suke bayanin kwayar halitta. Ya kamata a nutsa cikin yanayin canza ci gaba. Canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafin jiki, ƙarfin haske, pH, haɗin sunadarai, da dai sauransu suna faruwa a cikin wannan yanayin. Waɗannan dalilai sune dalilin da yasa kwayar halitta zata iya gano canje-canje da samar da amsa. Godiya ga martani ga abubuwa daban-daban, ana kirkirar abubuwa daban-daban da sababbin yanayin da ake ciki. Wannan shine abin da aka sani da juyin halittar jinsuna.

Amma game da numfashi, yana daya daga cikin halaye wadanda suka mamaye abu mai rai. Kuma yana da ikon haɓaka hanyoyin da zasu ba shi damar haɗa oxygen cikin jiki. Ana amfani da wannan iskar oxygen don ƙarni na kuzari. Kamar yadda suke buƙatar gabobi don haɗawar oxygen, haka nan suna buƙatar hanyoyin don fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da ake samarwa.

Girma da haifuwa

Suna daga cikin halaye guda biyu wadanda ake bayanin su da rai. Yana da damar fuskantar ƙari a cikin girma da nauyi wanda zai iya zama sananne a wasu lokuta na rayuwa. Misali, a cikin dabbobi da yawa yawancin ci gaban girma yana faruwa ne a cikin yarinta. Labari ne game da hadewar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa kyallen takarda daban-daban wanda ke ba da damar aiki da kara nauyin jiki.

Saukewa yana da mahimmanci don dawwamar da jinsin. Akwai nau'ikan digiri daban-daban na rikitarwa da rikidar halittar jinsin halittar su. Dalilin haifuwa shine yada bayanan halittar jini zuwa zuriya. Godiya ga ci gaba da saukowar jinsin halittu daban-daban, abu ne mai yiyuwa a ci gaba da wanzuwar wani jinsi kuma a hana shi halaka. Koyaya, yanayi daban-daban na muhalli na iya canzawa gaba ɗaya ta ɗabi'a ko saboda mutane kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin jinsin.

Kwayar cuta na hayayyafa ta hanyar fure-fure ko budding da binary fission. Sauran nau'ikan da suka samo asali na iya haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i ko ta hanyar jima'i.

Abubuwan da ke rayuwa

Za mu ga menene manyan ayyuka da abubuwan da rayayyun halittu zasu bayyana shi. Fitowar mutum hanya ce wacce ake sarrafa kayan ƙamshi a ciki kuma ake sarrafa su. A sakamakon maye gurbin, an samar da abubuwa masu guba waɗanda dole ne a fitar da su. Wannan aikin huhu da koda suna yin sa a cikin ƙungiyar dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Gina Jiki wani fanni ne da za a yi la'akari da shi. Duk wani abu mai rai yana bukatar a ciyar dashi domin samun abubuwan gina jiki masu amfani don rayuwa da kuma dacewar jiki. Yana buƙatar cikar dukkan ayyuka daban-daban don iya samarwa ko shayar da abubuwan da ake buƙata don rayuwa.

Hakanan yana da ikon tattara ƙananan abubuwa masu nauyin atom kamar carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, magnesium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, sulfur, da iodine Dole ne in gama rarraba don aiki daidai. Mun san cewa ilimin halittar jiki ko sifa zai iya fuskantar canje-canje a nan gaba kuma ana ƙara sababbin halaye a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan sababbin halayen ana ƙara su ne daga maye gurbi ko canje-canje a cikin kayan halittar gado.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kwayar halitta da halayenta.