Ourasarmu tana da babban ƙarfin lantarki, wanda aka haɓaka yayin sama da shekaru 100. Godiya ga wannan, a halin yanzu akwai babban, ingantaccen tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.
A cikin ƙarfin kuzarin sabuntawa waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin Sifen, da ikon wutar lantarki Ita ce fasaha mafi inganci kuma ingantacciya, saboda amfani da lafazin magana da kuma kasancewar manyan madatsun ruwa.
Hydroelectric power
Akwai maganganu guda biyu don amfani da wutar lantarki: na farko, tsire-tsire masu ruwa waɗanda ke kama wani ɓangare na yawo a cikin kogin kuma suna jagorantar shukar don zama turbine kuma daga baya sun koma kogi.
Yawanci, suna amfani da ƙananan jeri (yawanci ƙasa da 5 MW) kuma suna da kashi 75% na kasuwa. Sun haɗa da "mashigar ban ruwa na tsakiya", wanda ke amfani da rashin daidaito na ruwa a cikin magudanan ruwa don samar da lantarki.
Shuke-shuke na ƙafafun dam sune waɗanda, ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwa ko amfani da wacce ake ciki, za ta iya daidaita tafiyar. Yawancin lokaci suna da matakan greaterarfi mafi girma fiye da 5 MW kuma suna wakiltar kusan 20% na kasuwa a Spain. A cikin waɗannan akwai tsirrai na fanfo ko shuke-shuke, shuke-shuke waɗanda, ban da samar da makamashi (yanayin turbine), suna da ikon ɗaga ruwa zuwa tafki ko tafki ta hanyar cin wutar lantarki (yanayin famfowa)
A takaice, a cikin Spain akwai cikakken tafki na 55.000 hm3, wanda kashi 40% na wannan ƙarfin yayi daidai da madatsun ruwa, ɗayan mafi girman rabo a Turai da duniya.
Ragewa
A tarihi, juyin halittar makamashin lantarki a Spain yana girma, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya sami raguwa matuka a cikin gudummawar da yake bayarwa duka samar da wutar lantarki, tunda an gabatar da wasu kuzari masu sabuntawa a cikin haɗin makamashi.
Kodayake, har yanzu yana ci gaba da kasancewa ɗayan mafi sabuntawar sabuntawa tare da ƙarfin iska. Hydropower yana da damar da aka girka a kasarmu ta 17.792 MW, wannan ya nuna kashi 19,5% na duka, karfin da kawai ya wuce na gas hade hawan keke cewa, tare da jimillar 27.200 MW, ita ce fasaha ta farko ta hanyar shigar da ƙarfi (24,8% na duka), akasin haka, makamashin iska, yana da iko 23.002 MW (22,3%).
A shekarar 2014, gudummawar da ke samar da wutar lantarki ga samar da wutar lantarki a kasar ya wakilci 15,5%, tare da jimlar GWh 35.860, wannan adadi ya nuna karuwar kashi 5,6% bisa na shekarar da ta gabata. Duk da kyau halayyar lantarki, shine fasaha ta huɗu a cikin samarwa, bayan makaman nukiliya (22%), iska (20,3% 9 da kwal (16,5%).
A nan gaba kadan, ana sa ran wannan fasaha zata ci gaba da bunkasa a matsakaicin shekara tsakanin 40 zuwa 60 MW, tun da karfin lantarki da yiwuwar kasancewa tattalin arziki mai dorewa, ya fi 1 GW.
Catalonia, Galicia da Castilla y León su ne al'ummomin masu zaman kansu tare da mafi girma shigar iko a bangaren samarda wutar lantarki, tunda sune yankunan da suka fi ƙarfin albarkatun ruwa a cikin Spain
Ci gaban fasaha
Mataki-mataki, ci gaban fasaha ya haifar da ƙaramin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin farashi mai tsada tsakanin kasuwar wutar lantarki, kodayake waɗannan sun bambanta bisa ga tsarin rubutu da kuma aikin da za'ayi. Ana ɗaukar masana'antar wutar lantarki mini-hydro idan tana da ƙarfin shigar da ƙasa da 10 MW kuma tana iya zama ruwa mai gudana ko ruwa tsaye.
A halin yanzu, ana samar da microturbines na hydraulic tare da iko ƙasa da waɗanda 10 kW, wadannan suna da matukar amfani don amfani da karfin motsawar koguna da samar da wutar lantarki a ciki yankunan da babu kowa. Motar tana amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye a cikin canzawa na yanzu kuma baya buƙatar faduwar ruwa, ƙarin abubuwan more rayuwa ko tsadar kulawa.
A yau, bunkasuwar bangaren samar da wutar lantarki a Sifen da nufin samar da ingantaccen aiki, don inganta ayyukan cibiyoyin yanzu. Ana gabatar da shawarwari zuwa ga gyara, zamanintarwa, kyautatawa ko fadada tsirran da aka riga aka girka.
A halin yanzu Spain tana da kimanin shuke-shuke 800 na lantarki, tare da girman girman girmanta. Akwai tsire-tsire 20 na fiye da MW 200, wanda gaba ɗaya ke wakiltar kashi 50% na jimlar wutar lantarki. A gefe guda kuma, akwai dinbin kananan madatsun ruwa tare da ikon da bai gaza MW 20 ba, wanda aka rarraba a cikin Spain.
