Biomass yanki ne na kwayoyin halitta da ake amfani da shi azaman kuzari. Wannan abu zai iya fitowa daga dabbobi ko tsire-tsire, ciki har da sharar gida. Ƙarfin halitta ya fi arha fiye da makamashin da ake samarwa daga burbushin mai. Bugu da kari, shi ne mafi aminci da tsaftataccen makamashi mai sabuntawa fiye da mai na yau da kullun saboda yana fitar da iskar gas da ke da illa ga muhalli saboda hanyar konewa. Duk da haka, akwai daban-daban abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na biomass makamashi a matsayin makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Saboda wannan dalili, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku menene babban fa'ida da rashin amfani na makamashin biomass.
Biomass makamashi
Biomass shine tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda ke amfani da kwayoyin halitta na dabba ko kayan lambu a matsayin makamashi, kuma tsari ne na halitta ko masana'antu, wanda aka samo shi a cikin tsarin sarrafa halittu ko na inji. Daga cikin nau'ikan biomass zamu iya samun guda uku:
- Halitta biomass: Yana faruwa a cikin yanayin yanayin halitta ba tare da sa hannun ɗan adam ba.
- Ragowar halittu: yana nufin sharar da ake samu ta hanyar ayyukan mutane, kamar dattin dattin birni, dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka, da sharar gonaki ko sharar masana'antu da noma.
- Samar da Biomass: Ƙasar noma da aka noma don takamaiman nau'in don kawai dalilin samar da makamashi.
Amfanin makamashin biomass
- Tushen makamashi ne mai sabuntawa saboda kuzarinsa yana fitowa daga rana kuma daga yanayin rayuwa, don haka ba zai ƙarewa ba tunda ayyukan tsiro da dabbobi suna ci gaba da samar da kwayoyin halitta.
- Ba shi da ƙarancin ƙazanta fiye da kona burbushin mai, don haka amfani da shi yana rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide kuma yana da ƙarancin tasiri a kan layin ozone.
- Biomass yana wanzu a ko'ina a duniya kuma yana da arha.
- Yana ba da wata sabuwar dama ga fannin noma yayin da albarkatun noman makamashi ke maye gurbin waɗanda aka yi watsi da su ko kuma ba a yi amfani da su ba don ayyukansu na asali, ta yadda hakan ke hana zaizayar ƙasa da lalacewa.
- Akwai nau'ikan biomass da yawa.
- Yana haifar da kusan babu hayaki na m barbashi ko pollutants kamar nitrogen ko sulfur.
- Yana taimakawa wajen bunkasar tattalin arzikin yankunan karkara, da kuma samar da sabbin ayyukan yi.
- A haƙiƙa, don yin amfani da wannan makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa daga biomass daga amfanin gonakin makamashi, dole ne a yi konewa, sakamakon cewa carbon dioxide yana fitowa a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda za a iya gani a matsayin hasara. A cikin albarkatun makamashi, duk da haka, yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma, suna kama carbon dioxide, suna kashe hayaki daga konewa.
- Amfani da sharar gida daga wasu ayyuka, abin da muke kira residual biomass, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake yin amfani da shi da rage sharar gida. A ƙarshe, ana kawar da ragowar kwayoyin halitta da na inorganic, suna amfani da su don wani amfani.
- Amfani da wannan makamashi yana rage dogaro da albarkatun mai.
Lalacewar makamashin biomass
Da zarar mun fahimci menene mafi dacewa fa'idodin muhalli da zamantakewa na biomass, wannan sashe zai nuna rashin amfanin biomass da wasu tasirin muhallinsa:
- Wani lokaci, biomass yana dauke da danshi wanda dole ne a bushe kafin a iya kona shi. Daga ƙarshe, wannan yana nufin ƙarin ƙarfin amfani lokacin ƙara tsari.
- Samar da adadin kuzari iri ɗaya yana buƙatar ƙarin man fetur fiye da burbushin halittu, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarin sarari don adana shi.
- Idan ana samun biomass ta hanyoyi marasa kyau, wato, cin zarafi da sakaci. wannan na iya haifar da lalata wuraren zama da sare itatuwa.
- Muna ma'amala da albarkatun da suka bayyana kwanan nan waɗanda fasaha ta ci gaba ba za ta iya amfani da su yadda ya kamata ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da ruwa da mai.
- Farashin yin amfani da biomass yana ƙaruwa lokacin da sufuri da ajiya ke da wahala.
- Idan konewar biomass ya haifar da abubuwa masu guba. Dole ne konewa ya faru a yanayin zafi sama da 900 ºC.
- Kodayake biomass yana ko'ina a duniya, babu wurin da ya dace don amfani da shi saboda girman sararin da ake buƙata.
Yaya ake amfani da shi?
Domin ragowar kwayoyin halitta su zama tushen makamashi, dole ne su bi ta jerin hanyoyin nazarin halittu, thermochemical ko inji. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da murhu ko tukunyar jirgi don samar da shi.
Lokacin da aka canza biomass zuwa samar da wutar lantarki, biofuels ko dumama, mukan kira shi "bioenergy". Misali, lokacin da ake amfani da sharar kwayoyin halitta don dumama, ana amfani da bioethanol ko biodiesel a cikin masana'antar mota, ana amfani da biokerosene a cikin jirgin sama, ana amfani da tururi ko makamashin zafi a fannin masana'antu, ko kuma ana amfani da albarkatun halittu wajen jigilar kayayyaki.
Ana iya amfani da biomass ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Konawa Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki don samar da zafi ko wutar lantarki.
- Narkewa. Ana yin wannan tsari ta wasu ƙwayoyin cuta don samar da iskar gas.
- Ferment A lokacin wannan tsari, ana haɗe wasu sharar gida don samar da mai.
- Zafi ko deflate. Ana amfani da waɗannan matakai don samar da wutar lantarki ko samfurori a jere daban-daban.
Iri biomass
Yin la'akari da albarkatun da ake amfani da su don samarwa, ana iya gano nau'ikan biomass daban-daban guda uku:
- sauran biomass. Sharar gida ce ke samar da ita daga wasu ayyukan ɗan adam. Wasu daga cikin fa'idodinsa shine yana taimakawa rage yawan zubar da ƙasa, yana rage yuwuwar gurɓatawa da gobara, kuma zaɓi ne na tattalin arziki.
- rarar noma. Ana amfani da hatsin da ba a yi amfani da shi don abinci na dabba ko na ɗan adam a matsayin man fetur ko samar da wutar lantarki. Wasu daga cikin ragowar da aka yi amfani da su sune harsashi na almond, ƙasusuwan dabba, ko tarkace.
- Yana faruwa a cikin yanayin halitta ba tare da sa hannun ɗan adam ba. Za a iya amfani da ragowar shuka, rassan, conifers, itacen wuta, katako ko sharar katako. Don kada a cutar da muhalli, bai kamata a yi amfani da su sosai ba.
- Cropsarfin makamashi. Makamashin yana fitowa ne daga amfanin gona da ake samarwa musamman mata. Waɗannan amfanin gonaki suna da alaƙa da juriya da iya daidaitawa zuwa ƙasa mara kyau. A cikin wannan rukuni akwai dawa, sukari, hatsi, dankalin turawa da cynara da sauransu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da fa'ida da rashin amfanin makamashin biomass.