Ingantaccen aikin wutar lantarki ɗayan manyan fagen fama ne ga kamfanoni, cibiyoyin gwamnati da 'yan ƙasa. A mafi yawan lokuta, maganin ba shine samun yawa ko resourcesan albarkatu ba, amma don sarrafawa a cikin mafi inganci waɗanda suke akwai.
Kuma dalilai sune asali biyu: na farko, na tattalin arziki, ta yadda cigaban makamashi ba zai kawo karshen haifar da karin kudi ba kuma a karshe dole ne mu biya shi kamar yadda muka saba. Kuma a matsayi na biyu, da muhalli, rage tasirin yanayi.
Saboda duk wannan, gwamnatocin jama'a sun himmatu ga haɓaka samfurin makamashi mai ɗorewa. Amma daga faɗi zuwa gaskiya akwai sauran aiki babba, kuma ba a cika cimma burin ba.
Matsaloli uku na samfurin makamashi na Canary Islands (da hanyoyin magance su)
Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalan canji mai kyau shine Canary Islands, tarin tsiburai wanda, saboda rashin fahimtarsa, ya ɗauki tarihin makamashi wanda ya haifar da ba wai kawai mai suka ba Dogaro da sauran Spain, amma har abada a wasu tsofaffi da rashin ƙarfi masu ƙarfi.
Matsalolin samfurin makamashi na Canary Islands za a iya taƙaita su a cikin abubuwa uku: keɓancewar ƙasa kanta, da yawan dogaro da mai da ƙarin farashin tsarin lantarki.
Abin farin ciki, abubuwa suna canzawa a hankali. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, Tsibiran Canary suna ta motsawa zuwa samfurin makamashi don juya shi zuwa mai dorewa, tattalin arziki kuma mai cikakken ikon sarrafa kansa.
1) Daga keɓancewar ƙasa ... zuwa haɗuwa
Gaskiyar ita ce, babbar matsalar da ke fuskantar tsibirin Canary ba abu ne na son rai ba ko kuma abin da ya cancanci hakan, amma yana da nasa ƙwarewar ne. Ba wani bane face keɓewar ƙasa, tunda haka ne fiye da kilomita 2.000 daga Yankin Yankin, nisan da ba za a iya shawo kansa ba ta hanyoyi da yawa.
Kuma wannan shine, kamar yadda yawancin al'ummomi masu cin gashin kansu zasu iya amfanuwa da ƙungiyar yanki a matakin ƙasa zuwa raba abubuwan more rayuwa da haɗin kai, a cikin Tsibiri kusan kusan tsibiri ne wanda ya dogara da kansa. A zahiri, tsarin wutar lantarki na Canarian yana da tsarin shida, waɗanda ke da keɓaɓɓun lantarki kuma waɗanda ke da ƙananan ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suke daga zirin.
An tilasta Tsibirin Canary ya sami tsarin wutar lantarki shida waɗanda ba ma haɗa juna
Sakamakon wannan rashin haɗin shine mai cutarwa: kowane tsibiri na tsibirin yana buƙatar sake ƙirƙira cikin tsarin sa cibiyar sadarwar da tayi daidai da ta ƙasa dangane da abubuwan more rayuwa da samar da makamashi, tare da yawaitar ƙoƙari da tsarin da wannan ya ƙunsa.
Maganin wannan matsalar shine cigaban sabon samfurin makamashi wanda Red Eléctrica de España ke ba da gudummawa tare da sadaukar da kai don haɓaka haɗin tsakanin tsibirai da grid raga, wanda zai sauƙaƙa mafi haɗin haɗin kuzarin sabuntawa. Da farko, kuma tun daga 2011, kamfanin ke aiwatar da Aikin inganta kadara na hanyar sadarwa (MAR Project) don inganta da kuma tabbatar da tsaron wutar lantarki a cikin tsibiran, wani abu da bai taɓa faruwa ba.
Bugu da kari, kuma tuni a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka hango tsakanin 2015 da 2020, Red Eléctrica kuma za ta saka hannun jari Euro miliyan 991 don "haɓaka hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki, haɓaka haɗin lantarki tsakanin tsibirai da samar da ingantaccen aiki da gasa ga kasuwannin lantarki."
2) Daga mai ... zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa
Wata babbar matsala ce ta tarin tsiburai. A cewar Red Eléctrica, «an samar da makamashin lantarki a tsibirin Canary tare da Kashi 92% na kayayyakin mai kuma kashi 8% ne kawai daga maɓallin sabuntawa, wanda ke fassara zuwa tsarin lantarki wanda ke dogaro sosai akan waje, mai tsada da ƙazantarwa ”.
Ganin buƙatu na tarihi da na zamantakewar al'umma cewa tsibirin Canary yayi sauri don canza ƙirar makamashi, Red Eléctrica yayi ƙoƙari taimakawa wajen sauyawa zuwa ga "inganci da ɗorewa" (tabbas za a biya shi ba da daɗewa ba ko kuma daga baya).
Daga cikin wasu shirye-shirye, kamfanin ya aiwatar a cikin Lanzarote wani aikin R & D & I wanda ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a Spain: bisa tsarin da ke amfani da fasahar tashi wanda ke taimakawa daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da wutar lantarki na Fuerteventura-Lanzarote da kuma, sakamakon haka, haɗakarwa karin makamashi mai sabuntawa.
A cikin wannan maƙasudin, mun sami wani ɗayan manyan ayyukan Red Eléctrica a cikin Canary Islands: ci gaban Soria-Chira injin sake sarrafa wutar lantarki, don amfani dashi azaman kayan ajiyar makamashi ta hanyar mai sarrafa tsarin lantarki.
Tare da shirin saka hannun jari na euro miliyan 320, «aikin zai daidaita tsirrai da aka tsara da farko don tsara zuwa sabon matsayinsa a matsayin kayan aiki na kayan aiki wanda zai ba da tabbacin samar da wutar lantarki, inganta tsarin tsarin da inganta hadewar kuzarin sabuntawa a cikin Gran Canarizuwa ".
3) Daga 'yancin tattalin arziki ... zuwa ikon cin gashin kai
Duk rashin haɗin tsakanin tsibirai da dogaro da mai suna da mummunan sakamako: samar da makamashin lantarki ya zama ba zai yuwu ba ta fuskar tattalin arziki.
Kuma, kamar yadda aka gano ta hanyar binciken da Gwamnatin kanta ta ba da kuɗaɗen kuɗi, samar da makamashi a cikin Tsibirin Canary yana da tsada sau uku zuwa huɗu fiye da yin shi a sauran Spain. Bugu da kari, a cewar Hanyar sadarwar lantarki, Dogaro da kayan masarufin 'samarwa ƙarin farashin kusan Yuro miliyan 1.200 a kowace shekara ga dukkan tsarin lantarki ”. Saboda wannan dalili, Babban Jami'in nationalasa ya ƙare tallafi waɗannan ƙarin farashin ta hanyar haraji. A wasu kalmomin, duk Mutanen Espanya sun ƙare biyan bashin matsalar ƙaƙƙarfan matsalar tsibirin Canary.
Duk waɗannan ƙaddamarwar suna nufin cewa Tsibirin Canary ya tafi dauka samfurinka, sarrafa kai, tsabtace muhalli kuma wanda, tabbas, ya dogara ƙasa da ƙasa akan kudade daga gwamnatin tsakiya.